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parallel to rectus muscles and parallel to optic nerve (single orbit)
left to right lateral walls of bony orbit or entire brain (optic neuritis)
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foramen magnum to vertex and from occipital to the frontal lobe
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Axial
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perpendicular to falx cerebri (in true plane or orientated to optic nerve)
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inferior margin to above superior margin of orbits
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lens of eye, globe, optic nerves and chiasm
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Coronal
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perpendicular to optic nerve
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optic chiasm to lens of the orbit
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left and right lateral walls of the orbit
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Paranasal sinuses
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Sagittal
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perpendicular to hard palate
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through paranasal sinuses
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foramen magnum to vertex
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Axial
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perpendicular to nasal septum
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inferior border of maxillary sinuses to superior edge of frontal sinuses
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sphenoid sinus, tip of nose and lateral borders of all paranasal sinuses
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Coronal
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perpendicular to hard palate
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posterior portion of sphenoid sinus to tip of nose
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inferior margin of maxillary sinuses to superior border of frontal sinuses
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Pharynx
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Sagittal
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parallel to cervical spine
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left to right lateral walls of pharynx
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skull base to thyroid cartilage
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Axial
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perpendicular to cervical spine
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thyroid cartilage to base of skull
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soft tissues of neck
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Coronal
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parallel to cervical spine
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posterior border of cervical cord to anterior surface of neck
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skull base to sternoclavicular joints
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Larynx
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Sagittal
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parallel to cervical spine
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left to right skin surfaces of the neck
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superior border of hard palate to sternoclavicular joints
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Axial
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parallel to vocal cords
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through laryngeal cartilages and vocal cords
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both lateral skin surfaces of the neck
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Coronal
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perpendicular to vocal cords
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posterior surface of trachea to anterior surface of neck
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superior border hard palate to sternoclavicular joints
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Thyroid/parathyroid
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Axial
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perpendicular to cervical spine
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through thyroid
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both lateral skin surfaces of neck
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Coronal
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parallel to cervical spine
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through thyroid
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mandible to arch of the aorta
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Salivary glands
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Sagittal
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parallel to cervical spine
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left to right skin surfaces of the neck
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base of the skull to hyoid bone
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Axial
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perpendicular to cervical spine
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from superior aspect of EAM to angle of jaw or through submandibular glands
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all skin surfaces of neck
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Coronal
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perpendicular to hard palate and nasal septum
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vertebral bodies to superior alveolar process
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cervical lymph node chain and skull base
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TMJs
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Sagittal
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perpendicular to mandibular condyles and parallel to long axis of mandibular condyle
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through each TMJ
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both TMJs
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Axial
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orthogonal
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through both TMJs
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both TMJs
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Coronal
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parallel to mandibular condyles
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through both TMJs
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both TMJs
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Cervical spine
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Sagittal
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parallel to long axis of spinal cord
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from left to right lateral borders of vertebral bodies
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base of skull to T2
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Axial
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perpendicular to spinal cord and either parallel to disc space or perpendicular to lesion
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lamina below to lamina above disc
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bony cervical spine and surrounding soft tissue
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Coronal
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parallel to long axis of spinal cord
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posterior aspect of spinous processes to anterior border of vertebral bodies
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base of skull to T2 and left to right borders of neck
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Thoracic spine
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Sagittal
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parallel to the long axis of the spinal cord
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from left to right lateral borders of vertebral bodies
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C7 to conus
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Axial
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perpendicular to spinal cord and either parallel to disc space or perpendicular to lesion
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lamina below to lamina above disc
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bony thoracic spine and surrounding soft tissue
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Coronal
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long axis of spinal cord
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posterior aspect of spinous processes to anterior border of vertebral bodies
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C7 to conus
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Lumbar spine
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Sagittal
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parallel to spinal canal
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left to right lateral borders of vertebral bodies
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conus to sacrum
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Axial
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parallel to each disc space
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