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16. Rule and measure of the offices of humanity, <xxxii>

       17. Particular limitation with respect to the prince,

       18. No nation ought to injure others,

       19. Offences,

       20. Bad custom of the ancients,

       CHAPTER II Of the mutual Commerce between Nations.

       21. General obligation of nations to carry on mutual commerce,

       22. They are bound to favour trade,

       23. Freedom of trade,

       24. Right of trading, belonging to nations,

       25. Each nation is sole judge of the propriety of commerce on her own part,

       26. Necessity of commercial treaties,

       27. General rule concerning those treaties,

       28. Duty of nations in making such treaties,

       29. Perpetual or temporary treaties, or treaties revocable at pleasure,

       30. Nothing contrary to the tenor of a treaty can be granted to a third party,

       31. How far lawful to give up by treaty the liberty of trading with other nations,

       32. A nation may restrict her commerce in favour of another nation,

       33. A nation may appropriate to herself a particular branch of trade,

       34. Consuls,

       CHAPTER III Of the Dignity and Equality of Nations,— of Titles,—and other Marks of Honour.

       35. Dignity of nations or sovereign states,

       36. Their equality,

       37. Precedency,

       38. The form of government is foreign to this question,

       39. A state ought to retain her rank, notwithstanding any changes in the form of her government,

       40. Treaties and established customs are to be observed in this respect,

       41. Name and honours given by the nation to her conductor,

       42. Whether a sovereign may assume what title and honours he pleases,

       43. Right of other nations in that respect,

       44. Their duty,

       45. How titles and honours may be secured,

       46. We must conform to general custom, <xxxiii>

       47. Mutual respect due by sovereigns to each other,

       48. How a sovereign ought to maintain his dignity,

       CHAPTER IV Of the Right to Security, and the Effects of the Sovereignty and Independence of Nations.

       49. Right to security,

       50. It produces the right of resistance,

       51. and that of obtaining reparation,

       52. and the right of punishing,

       53. Right of all nations against a mischievous people,

       54. No nation has a right to interfere in the government of another state,

       55. One sovereign cannot make himself judge of the conduct of another,

       56. How far lawful to interfere in a quarrel between a sovereign and his subjects,

       57. Right of opposing the interference of foreign powers in the affairs of government,

       58. The same right with respect to religion,

       59. No nation can be constrained in religious concerns,

       60. Offices of humanity in these matters:—missionaries,

       61. Circumspection to be used,

       62. What a sovereign may do in favour of those who profess his religion in another state,

       CHAPTER V Of the Observance of Justice between Nations.

       63. Necessity of the observance of justice in human society,

       64. Obligation of all nations to cultivate and observe justice,

       65. Right of refusing to submit to injustice,

       66. This right is a perfect one,

       67. It produces—the right of self-defence,

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