LITMIR.BIZ

      Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following for permission to use

      photographs and artwork: p. 1, William Claxton; p. 9, American Antiquarian

      Society; p. 26, Houghton Library, Harvard University; p. 33, Harvard Theatre

      Collection; p. 50, Harry T. Peters Collection, Museum of the City of New York,

      originally published by N. Currier, 1849; p. 73, photograph by Gurney & Son,

      New York, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College; p. 87, Harvard Theatre

      Collection; p. 121, Harvard Theatre Collection; p. 128, photograph by Adolph

      Witterman, Leonard Hassam Bogart Collection, Museum of the City of New

      York; p. 135, Bettmann/Corbis; p. 149, Film Stills, Museum of Modern Art; p.

      188, photograph by Bradley Smith/Corbis; p. 201, Photofest; p. 217, Photofest;

      p. 272, photograph by Fredrik Nilsen, Slash/Warner Brothers Records; p. 278,

      photograph by Jan Butchofsky-Houser/Corbis; p. 289, E! Online, Inc. ©2002.

      Copyright © 1996, 2002 by Jim Cullen

      All rights reserved

      Cullen, Jim, 1962-

       The art of democracy : a concise history of U.S. popular culture / by

      Jim Cullen.—2nd ed.

       p. cm.

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

       ISBN 1-58367-065-3 —ISBN 1-58367-064-5 (pbk.)

      1. Popular culture—United States—History. 2. United States—Civilization. I. Title.

       E161 .C85 2002

       973-dc21

      2002004924

      Monthly Review Press

      122 West 27th Street

      New York, NY 10001

      Printed in Canada

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4

       For Mari Jo and Paul Buhle, mentors

      CONTENTS

       Preface & Acknowledgments

       Introduction

       1. NOVEL APPROACHES The Rise of Popular Culture

       A CLOSER LOOK A TEMPLE OF THE IMAGINATION

       2. DEMOCRATIC VISTAS The Emergence of Popular Culture, 1800-1860

       A CLOSER LOOK THE ASTOR PLACE RIOT THE ART AND LIFE OF FANNY FERN

       3. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT The Segmentation and Consolidation of Popular Culture, 1860-1900

       A CLOSER LOOK CONEY ISLAND THE DARK HUMOR OF BERT WILLIAMS

       4. MEDIATING COMMUNITIES Popular Culture and Modern Technology, 1900-1945

       A CLOSER LOOK CHAPLIN’S BUSINESS BILLIE HOLIDAY, THE JAZZ SINGER

       5. SMALL SCREENS Popular Culture in the Age of Television and Beyond, 1945-2000

       A CLOSER LOOK A BUNKER MENTALITY THE INTEGRATED SOUND OF LOS LOBOS MTV

       6. HARMONIC CONVERGENCE? Across the Digital Frontier

       A CLOSER LOOK YOUR IDEA HERE

       Notes and Further Reading

       Index