Erdogan Rising - Hannah Smith Lucinda

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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan president of Turkey, former prime minister and mayor of Istanbul Berat Albayrak Erdoğan’s son-in-law, current economy minister Hüseyin Besli Erdoğan’s speechwriter Ahmet Davutoğlu foreign minister, later Turkish prime minister Necmettin Erbakan leader of the National Salvation Party, Erdoğan’s first party Abdullah Gül Erdoğan’s early ally, former president I˙brahim Kalın Erdoğan’s spokesman Hilâl Kaplan pro-Erdoğan journalist Erol Olçok spin doctor
Opposition
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founder of the Turkish Republic
Selahattin Demirtaş Kurdish political leader
Muharrem I˙nce Erdoğan’s 2018 presidential rival
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu leader of the opposition
Enemies
Fethullah Gülen Islamist cleric and accused coup plotter
Abdullah Öcalan leader of the PKK, Kurdish militant group

       ACRONYMS

AKP Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi: Justice and Development Party, Erdoğan’s group, centre-right Islamist
CHP Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi: Republican People’s Party, Atatürk’s group and main opposition, led by Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, left-leaning secularist
FSA Free Syrian Army: mainstream armed opposition to Syria’s President Bashar al-Assad. Originally nationalist, later infiltrated and overtaken by Islamist elements. Supported at various times by Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, US, UK and other European countries
HDP Halkların Demokratik Partisi: People’s Democratic Party, main Kurdish group, led by Selahattin Demirtaş
Isis Islamic State of Iraq and Syria: extreme Islamist group comprised mainly of foreign fighters who travelled into Syria via Turkey. Initially tolerated by the FSA, later turned against them and seized huge tracts of rebel-held Syria
JAN Jabhat al-Nusra: the Support Front, Al-Qaeda’s franchise in Syria. Comprised mainly of Syrian Islamists, largely fought alongside the FSA. Listed as a terror group by the US in December 2012
MSP Milli Selâmet Partisi: National Salvation Party, main Islamist group in 1970s and Erdoğan’s first party, led by Necmettin Erbakan, anti-Western Islamist. Closed following the 1980 coup
PKK Partiye Karkerên Kurdistanê: Kurdistan Workers’ Party, Kurdish militia founded by Abdullah Öcalan in 1978, fighting insurgency in south-eastern Turkey since 1984. Banned in Turkey, EU and United States
RP Refah Partisi: Welfare Party, Erbakan’s new group and main Islamist party in 1980s and 1990s. Closed following the 1997 coup
YPG Yekîneyên Parastina Gel: People’s Protection Units, Syrian wing of the PKK. Founded in 2004 but rose to prominence during the Syrian conflict. Classed as terror group in Turkey; allied with US in fight against Isis

       TIMELINE

1923 Atatürk founds the Turkish Republic
1938 Atatürk dies
1950 Turkey’s first democratic elections
1960 First coup of the republic
1971 Second coup of the republic
1980 Third coup of the republic
1994 Erdoğan becomes mayor of Istanbul
1997 ‘Postmodern coup’ brings down Necmettin Erbakan, Turkey’s first Islamist prime minister
1998 Erdoğan sent to prison for reciting Islamist poem at a rally
2002 November: AKP voted in for the first time
2003 March: Erdoğan becomes prime minister
2007 Abdullah Gül becomes president
2011 Syrian uprising begins
2013 March: Turkey begins peace process with the PKKMay/June: Gezi park protests in TurkeyDecember: Corruption scandal rocks the AKP, crackdown on Fethullah Gülen begins
2014 August: Erdoğan steps down as prime minister and becomes Turkey’s first directly elected president

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