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Follow-Up Study. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]

      6.Personal communication, Dr. William V. Judy and Arthur Bartunek.

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      ABOUT THE AUTHORS

      Robert L. Bard, M.D. is recognized as one of today's leaders in the field of radiology. His career began as an intern at Harkness Hospital (California, USA). He has served in the military, and has been head radiologist at several leading hospitals. Since 2001, Dr. Bard has been the Director of The Biofoundation for Angiogenesis Research and Development, an organization which researchers new therapeutic modalities in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Bard is currently in consulting practice in New York City (New York, USA).

      Arthur W. Bartunek, M.A. is a senior member and instructor of The New York Institute for Gestalt Therapy (New York, USA) for 20 years, and a nutritionist. He received his Masters degree from the New School for Social Research, and continued advanced research work at Adelphi University. In his work with Dr. Bard, Mr. Bartunek pioneered the use of beta-sitosterol-based antioxidant nutrition for cancer patients. He maintains a nutritional consulting practice in New York City (New York, USA).

      Chapter 3

      Is Resveratrol a True Anti-Aging Compound?

      Richard A. Baxter, M.D., FACS

      ABSTRACT

      As anti-aging science has progressed on both a molecular and clinical basis, resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol antioxidant, has emerged as a candidate for comprehensive therapy. Laboratory evidence indicates that resveratrol protects skin against the effects of photoaging, and counters age-related diseases via protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and diabetes. Resveratrol is a potent phytoestrogen and has potential related benefits and risks. Resveratrol has become a popular supplement in large part due to reports that it is a sirtuin activator, thereby acting as a caloric restriction mimetic and prolonging lifespan. However, questions about the bioavailability of resveratrol remain, clinical evidence is scant, and recent research indicates that resveratrol is not a direct sirtuin activator and does not extend lifespan in mammals. These controversies and the potential clinical role for resveratrol are reviewed.

      Keywords: resveratrol, sirtuins, phytoestrogens, wine polyphenols, quercetin

      INTRODUCTION

      Resveratrol (trihydroxystilbene), a phytoalexin from red wine, has become a popular anti-aging supplement and the focus of escalating research efforts in recent years. Phytoalexins are naturally occurring compounds synthesized by plants as part of their defense against environmental challenges, such as microbial infection. Because of this, they possess antibiotic and antioxidant properties, and in the case of resveratrol, a long list of other potentially useful capabilities. These have been reported to include activation of sirtuins, the enzymes that mediate the metabolic shift that produces the increase in lifespan from caloric restriction. Resveratrol’s pleiotropic properties place it as a contender for a comprehensive anti-aging compound.

      In order to consider the possibility of a “true” anti-aging intervention, a definition is needed. Though there are various ways to define anti-aging, for purposes of this discussion a comprehensive approach is taken, to include the following:

      •Maintenance and restoration of youthful appearance

      •Slowing of age-related cellular processes leading to reduced rates of degenerative diseases

      •Lifespan extension

      •Bioavailability

      A Medline database search returns more than 3500 citations for resveratrol, with annual listings increasing exponentially. In 1991 there were only two articles in the biomedical literature on resveratrol, whereas there were approximately two

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