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      ROUSSEAU

      ON EDUCATION,

      FREEDOM,

      AND JUDGMENT

      Rousseau

      ON EDUCATION, FREEDOM, AND JUDGMENT

      DENISE SCHAEFFER

      The Pennsylvania State University Press

      University Park, Pennsylvania

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Schaeffer, Denise, 1968–, author.

      Rousseau on education, freedom, and judgment /

      Denise Schaeffer.

      p. cm

      Summary: “Explores the writings of Rousseau, including Emile, Discourse on the Origins of Inequality, and On the Social Contract, focusing on the problem of judgment and its role in creating the condition for genuine self-rule”—Provided by publisher.

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-0-271-06209-9 (cloth : alk. paper)

      1. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1712–1778.

      2. Judgment (Logic).

      3. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1712–1778. Emile.

      4. Education—Philosophy.

      5. Liberty—Philosophy.

      I. Title.

      B2137.S33 2014

      194—dc23

      2013032625

      Copyright © 2014 The Pennsylvania State University

      All rights reserved

      Printed in the United States of America

      Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press,

      University Park, PA 16802-1003

      The Pennsylvania State University Press is a member of the Association of American University Presses.

      It is the policy of The Pennsylvania State University Press to use acid-free paper. Publications on uncoated stock satisfy the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for

      Printed Library Material, ANSI Z39.48–1992.

      This book is printed on paper that contains 30% post-consumer waste.

      CONTENTS

       Judgment and the Standard of Nature

       Learning to Move: The Body, the Senses, and the Foundations of Judgment

       3

       Books and Experience in the Education of Judgment

       4

       Judgment and Pity

       5

       Piety and Authority

       6

       Judgment, Love, and Illusion

       7

       Judgment and the Possibility of Partial Detachment

       8

       Judgment and Citizenship

       Notes

       Index

      The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for this project in its earliest stages, which helped me to get the project off the ground. The College of the Holy Cross generously provided research leaves that gave me time to think, write, and revise. Portions of some of the chapters were originally published elsewhere. Most of chapter 3 appeared as “The Utility of Ink: Rousseau and Robinson Crusoe,” Review of Politics 64 (Winter 2002): 121–49. A much earlier version of chapter 6 was published as “Reconsidering the Role of Sophie in Rousseau’s Emile,” Polity 30 (June 1998): 607–26. Chapter 8 draws material from two previously published articles, “Attending to Time and Place in Rousseau’s Legislative Art,” Review of Politics 74 (Summer 2012): 421–41, and “Realism, Rhetoric, and the Possibility of Reform in Rousseau’s Considerations on the Government of Poland,” Polity 42 (July 2010): 377–97. I would like to thank all of the original publishers for permission to reprint.

      Over the years, I have benefited enormously from discussing Rousseau, both informally and at conferences, with many friends and colleagues, including Jonathan Badger, William Baumgarth, Ronna Burger, Michael Davis, Christopher Dustin, Herma Gjinko, Pamela Jensen, Paul Kirkland, Joseph Knippenberg, David Nichols, John Scott, and Stephen Thomas. I owe a particular debt of gratitude to Mary Nichols and David Schaefer, who read the entire manuscript with meticulous care and provided many valuable suggestions. I would also like to thank the Penn State Press reviewers for their helpful feedback; I feel fortunate to have had such attentive and insightful readers. It has also been a pleasure to work with Kendra Boileau and Laura Reed-Morrisson at Penn State Press. I would also like to thank Daniel McMurtry for his assistance with manuscript formatting, and Suzanne Wolk for her excellent copyediting. Finally, I am grateful to my colleagues and students at the College of the Holy Cross for their collegiality and ongoing encouragement.

      I have lived with this book for quite some time, and by extension so has my family. I would like to thank my amazing husband, Charles Planck, as well as my daughters, Amanda, Isabel, and Lydia, who have been patient and generous over the years in sharing their mother’s attention with this mysterious person named Rousseau. I would also like to thank my parents, Ernesto and Darci Schaeffer, for their love and unwavering support. I dedicate this book to the memory of my father, a self-described philosopher of cars and mechanic of people whose distinctive perspective on the world gave me a taste for philosophical thinking before I knew what it was.

      Parenthetical references to the following works are followed by references to volume and page number of the Oeuvres complètes de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, ed. Bernard Gagnebin and Marcel Raymond, 5 vols. (Paris: Gallimard, 1959–95).

CCPlan for a Constitution for Corsica, in The Collected Writings of Rousseau, ed. Roger D. Masters and Christopher Kelly, 13 vols. (Hanover: University Press of New England, 1990–2009), 11:121–65.
EEmile,

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