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      OKINAWA: A PEOPLE AND THEIR GODS

      OKINAWA

      A People and Their Gods

      by JAMES C. ROBINSON, Th.M., M.A.

      CHARLES E. TUTTLE CO.: PUBLISHERS

       Rutland, Vermont Tokyo, Japan

      Representatives

       Continental Europe: Boxerbooks, Inc., Zurich

       British Isles: Prentice-hall International, Inc., London

       Australasia: Paul Flesch & Co., Pty. Ltd., Melbourne

       Canada: M.G. Hurtig Ltd., Edmonton

      Published by the Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc.

       of Rutland, Vermont & Tokyo, Japan

       with editorial offices at

       Osaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032

      Copyright in Japan, 1969, by

       The Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc.

       All rights reserved

       First edition 1969

      Book plan by Roland A. Mulhauser

       Library of Congress catalog card No. 69-16179

       ISBN: 978-1-4629-1277-3 (ebook)

      Printed in Japan

      DEDICATION TO

      The Reverend Doctor

       FRANK BRINGLE MCINTOSH, D.D., L.L.D.

       President Emeritus, Ohio Northern University

       Ada, Ohio

      The Reverend Doctor STANLEY JEFFERY, D.D.

       Sometime Pastor, Third Avenue Methodist Church

       Columbus, Ohio

      The Reverend Doctor MARION TINSLER, Th.D.

       Professor of Religion and Philosophy

       Ohio Northern University

       Ada, Ohio

      Mr. KENNETH T. WHITAKER

       Deceased, former Sunday School Teacher

       Scoutmaster, and Friend of Boys

      CONTENTS

       Acknowledgments

       Introduction

      1. Some Basic Characteristics of Okinawa Religion

      2. National Religious Heritage

      3. Shrine Worship

      4. Household Religious Practice

      5. The Impact of Foreign Religions on Okinawa

      6. Present Trends in Religious Belief and Practice

       List of Buddhist Temples

       List of Shinto Shrines

       Glossary

       Bibliography

       Notes

       Index

      MAPS

The United Kingdom of Okinawa 24
Chinen Peninsula 40
Itoman Area 44
Naha and Tomari Port 48
Shuri Area 52
Machinato-Futenma Area 54
Awase-Kushi Area 56
Motobu Peninsula 58
Northern Okinawa 60

      ILLUSTRATIONS

Nami-no-ue Shinto Shrine at Naha 65
Entrance to Futema Buddhist Temple 65
Tomb of a child, unmarked 66
Cave tomb, Motobu Peninsula 66
Gable-type tomb 67
Horseshoe- or womb-shaped tomb 67
Household shrine of Buddhist origin 68
Funeral bouquet made of paper 68
Altar of Name-no-ue Shinto Shrine 77
Altar of Kin Kannon-ji Buddhist Temple 77
Tomb of an infant showing foreign influence 78
Ablution pavilion at a Shinto shrine 78
Offering box at Nami-no-ue Shinto Shrine 79
Sonohan Utaki stone gate at Shuri 79
Kin Kannon-ji Buddhist Temple 80
Replica of ancient castle at Shuri 80

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      When I was a little boy my father once lifted me upon his shoulders that I might see the President of the United States as he passed us. That was not the first time I had stood upon the shoulders of another, nor was it the last.

      I would be shamefully dishonest and disgracefully uncharitable if I were not to acknowledge

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