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his queen died while on a visit to England, and their remains were sent back to the islands in an English man-of war. Kauikeaouli, a youth of ten years, and brother of the deceased king, was accepted as the rightful heir to the throne under the title of Kamehameha III., and Kaahumanu, one of the wives of Kamehameha I., acted as regent and prime minister.

      In 1827, and ten years later, Roman Catholic missionaries arrived, and were sent away by order of the government; but in 1839 the priests of that denomination were finally landed under the guns of a French frigate and allowed to remain. Meantime churches, schools and printing-presses had been established, the Hawaiian had become a written language, and the laws and decrees of the government were promulgated in printed form.

      In 1840 the first written constitution was given to the people, guaranteeing to them a representative government. In February, 1843, Lord Paulet, of the English navy, took formal possession of the islands, but in the July following their sovereignty was restored through the action of Admiral Thomas. In November of the same year France and England mutually agreed to refrain from seizure or occupation of the islands, or any portion of them, and the United States, while declining to become a party to the agreement, promptly acknowledged the independence of the group.

      Kamehameha III. died in 1854 and was succeeded by Kamehameha IV. The latter reigned until 1863, when he died and was succeeded by Prince Lot, with the title of Kamehameha V. In 1864 Lot abrogated the constitution of 1840 and granted a new one. He reigned until 1872, and died without naming a successor, and the Legislative Assembly elected Lunalilo to the throne. He was of the Kamehameha family, and with his death, in 1873, the Kamehameha dynasty came to an end. He, too, failed to designate a successor, and as but two of the accepted descendants of the first Kamehameha remained—one a sister of Kamehameha V. and the other a female cousin of that sovereign—David Kalakaua was elected to the throne by the Legislative Assembly in 1874, receiving all but five votes of that body, which were cast for the queen-dowager Emma, widow of Kamehameha IV.

      Provision having been made for the event by a previous Legislative Assembly, King Kalakaua, with his queen, Kapiolani, was formally crowned on the 12th of February, 1883, in the presence of the representatives of many of the nations of the Old World and the New. Since the coronation the last of the Kamehamehas has passed away, including the queen-dowager Emma, and King Kalakaua remains the most direct representative in the kingdom of the ancient sovereigns of Hawaii. He draws his strain from Liloa through the great I family of Hawaii, who joined their fortunes with the first Kamehameha in the conquest of the group. His queen, Kapiolani, is a granddaughter of the last independent sovereign of Kauai, and is thus allied in blood with the early rulers of the group. She is childless, and the Princess Liliuokalani, the elder of the two sisters of the king, has been named as his successor. She is the wife of His Excellency John 0. Dominis, an American by birth and present governor of the islands of Oahu and Maui. The only direct heir in the families of the king and his two sisters is the Princess Xaiulani, daughter of the Princess Likelike,^* wife of Mr. Cleg-horn, a merchant of Honolulu.

      Following is a list of the sovereigns of Hawaii, with the dates and durations of their several governments, from the eleventh to the nineteenth century. It embraces only the rulers of the island of Hawaii, who eventually became the masters of the group. Until the reign of Kalaniopuu, which began in 1754, the dates are merely approximate:

Pilikaeae,	from A.D.	1095 to 1120
Kukohau,	"	1120 to 1145
Kaniuhi,	"	1145 to 1170
Kanipahu,	"	1170 to 1195
Kalapana (including the usurpation of Kamaiole),	"	1195 to 1220
Kahaimoelea,	"	1220 to 1260
Kalaunuiohua,	"	1260 to 1300
Kuaiwa,	"	1300 to 1340
Kahoukapu,	"	1340 to 1380
Kauholanuimahu,	"	1380 to 1415
Kiha,	"	1415 to 1455
Liloa,	"	1455 to 1485
Hakau,	"	1485 to 1490
Umi,	"	1490 to 1525
Kealiiokaloa,	"	1525 to 1535
Keawenui,	"	1535 to 1565
Kaikilani and Lonoikamakahiki,	"	1565 to 1595
Keakealanikane,	"	1595 to 1625
Keakamahana,	"	1625 to 1655
Keakealaniwahine,	"	1655 to 1685
Keawe and sister,	"	1685 to 1720
Alapanui,	"	1720 to 1754
Kalaniopuu,	"	1754 to 1782
Kamehameha I	"	1782 to 1819
Kamehameha II —Liholiho,	"	1819 to 1824
Kaahumanu regency	"	1824 to 1833
Kamehameha III —Kauikeaouli,	"	1833 to 1854
Kamehameha IV	"	1854 to 1863
Kamehameha V —Lot,	"	1863 to 1872
Lunalilo,	"	1873 to 1873
Kalakaua,	"	1874 to——

      Having thus briefly sketched the outlines of the prominent political events of the islands, the ancient religion of the Hawaiians

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