LITMIR.BIZ

      First published in 2007 by

      Irish Academic Press

      10 George’s Street

      Newbridge

      Co. Kildare

      Ireland

       www.iap.ie

      This Revised Edition © 2018, Irish Academic Press

      9781788550369 (Paper)

      9781788550376 (Kindle)

      9781788550383 (Epub)

      9781788550390 (PDF)

      British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

      An entry can be found on request

      Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

      An entry can be found on request

      All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved alone, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.

      Interior design by www.jminfotechindia.com

      Typeset in Classical Garamond BT 11/15 pt

      Cover design by www.phoenix-graphicdesign.com

      Contents

       Acknowledgements

       Dramatis Personae

       Foreword

       Preface to the New Edition

       Introduction

       CHAPTER ONE

       Unionism and its State

       CHAPTER TWO

       Nationalism and its Discontents

       CHAPTER THREE

       Republicanism and Socialism

       CHAPTER FOUR

       The Civil Rights Campaign

       CHAPTER FIVE

       Paris, London, Rome, Berlin, Derry

       CHAPTER SIX

       The Derry Disturbances

       CHAPTER SEVEN

       The Unionist Reaction

       CHAPTER EIGHT

       People’s Democracy

       Conclusion

       Endnotes

       Index

Acknowledgements

      I should begin by thanking Robert Tombs and Paul Bew as without their help this book would not have been written. From the very beginning, they have given me their time, their advice, and their support. The debt that I owe to them cannot be calculated. I was also fortunate enough to be one of the last students to be supervised by Peter Clarke. Like all the others that came before me, I benefited enormously from the experience.

      Brendan Simms, George Boyce, Vincent Comerford, Tony Judt, Geoffrey Warner, Bob Purdie and Roy Foster all took the trouble to read early versions of some of the chapters. I am deeply grateful for their incisive and invaluable comments – all of which resulted in improvements to the text. Eugenio Biagini, Chris Clark, Mike Broers, Richard Drayton, Ray Ryan and John Bew gave me much-needed help and advice – I am glad to have this chance to thank them for their efforts on my behalf.

      Although I have consciously tried to rely upon printed sources, this was not always possible. Fortunately, Roy Johnston, Anthony Coughlan and Kevin Boyle graciously allowed me to draw upon their memories and private papers. Their kindness kept me from making some costly errors and brought to my attention many things that I had overlooked.

      The staffs of many research institutions have offered great assistance and I would like to thank everyone who has helped me at the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland in Belfast, the National Archives at Kew, the British Library Newspaper Library at Colindale, the Linen Hall Library in Belfast, and the University Library in Cambridge. St John’s College, Cambridge, and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, have been incredibly generous with the support that they gave me while I was writing and researching this book. At Irish Academic Press, Lisa Hyde and Kay Hyman deserve special thanks. Lisa has guided me through every stage of the process with sensitivity and professionalism. Kay carefully read through the typescript spotting problems and finding solutions.

      My friends and family have always believed in me – even when I had stopped – and it is to them that this book is dedicated.

Dramatis Personae

      Ken Bloomfield: Terence O’Neill’s closest civil service adviser and his speechwriter.

      Kevin Boyle: A popular young lecturer at Queen’s University who was elected onto the Faceless Committee of People’s Democracy.

      Sir Basil Brooke (Viscount Brookeborough): Prime Minister of Northern Ireland from 1943 to 1963.

      Paddy Byrne: Secretary of the Campaign for Democracy in Ulster.

      Stokley Carmichael: American civil rights activist and Chair of the Student Non-violent Co-ordinating Committee.

      Daniel Cohn-Bendit: The star of France’s ’68.

      Ivan Cooper: Chair of the Derry Citizens’ Action Committee.

      Anthony Coughlan: Independent thinker who built upon C. Desmond Greaves’s ideas to construct the Republican movement’s civil rights strategy.

      Bill Craig: Unionist politician who was initially a close ally of Terence O’Neill, but later became one of his chief rivals.

      Sir James Craig (Viscount Craigavon): Northern Ireland’s first Prime Minister (1921–40).

      Austin Currie:

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