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      For Zoë and Josh

      Patricia Byrne is captivated by Achill Island. Her book The Veiled Woman of Achill: Island Outrage and a Playboy Drama was published by The Collins Press in 2012. Her memoir essay ‘Milk Bottles in Limerick’ was named one of the Notable Essays of the Year in Best American Essays 2017. Her work has featured in New Hibernia Review, The Irish Times (Irishwoman’s Diary), RTÉ’s Sunday Miscellany and The Irish Story among other outlets. A graduate of the NUI Galway writer programme, she lives in Limerick, Ireland. www.patriciabyrneauthor.com

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      THE ACHILL MISSION COLONY AND

      THE BATTLE FOR SOULS IN FAMINE IRELAND

      PATRICIA BYRNE

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      First published in 2018 by

      Merrion Press

      An Imprint of Irish Academic Press

      10 George’s Street

      Newbridge

      Co. Kildare

      Ireland

       www.merrionpress.ie

      © Patricia Byrne, 2018

      9781785371721 (Paper)

      9781785371691 (Kindle)

      9781785371707 (Epub)

      9781785371714 (PDF)

      British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

      An entry can be found on request

      Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

      An entry can be found on request

      All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved alone, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.

      Interior design by www.jminfotechindia.com

      Typeset in Minion Pro 11/14 pt

      Cover design by www.phoenix-graphicdesign.com

      Front cover: The Achill Mission Colony (National Library of Ireland).

      Back cover right: Edward Nangle, St Thomas’s Church, Dugort (P. Byrne); Back cover left: the Right Rev. Dr. M’Hale, Archbishop Of Tuam (The New York Public Library Digital Collections); Back cover background: Slievemore, Achill (National Library of Ireland).

      This is a work of nonfiction.

      Research sources are cited in Endnotes.

      ‘Achill, wind-swept and bare, heavily peat-covered, with great gaunt brown mountains rising here and there, and a wild coast hammered by the Atlantic waves on all sides but the east, has a strange charm which everyone feels, but none can fully explain.’

      Robert Lloyd Praeger, The Way That I Went

      CONTENTS

       Map

       Acknowledgements

       Prologue

       PART 1

       1. Shaking the Dry Bones

       2. The Most Destitute Spot in Ireland

       3. Bonfires in the West

       4. Scriptural Education

       5. Fractured

       6. Is it a Wafer or is it a God?

       7. Murder

       8. Public Scrutiny

       9. Tenth Year

       10. The Finger of God

       PART

       11. Quicksilver Illness

       12. Death is Now Loose

       13. Buyer of Souls

       14. Vicious and Rotten

       15. Feed the Children

       16. Workhouse War

       17. Three Women

       18. Battle of Stones

       19. Root and Branch Change

       PART

       20. Clearances

       21. Achill Transformed

       22. Implosion

       23. Weapons of His Own Forging

       Epilogue

       Endnotes

       Bibliography

       Index

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      Researching and writing this book has been a long journey and I am grateful for the support of many along the way.

      Achill is a place that never ceases to astound me with its beauty and excite me with its richness of history and folklore. I have made numerous trips to the island in all seasons and in all weathers, and left with journals bursting with anecdotes and musings. Writing this book has filled me with a deep admiration for the people of Achill through the generations.

      It was while on a residency at the Heinrich Böll cottage in Dugort that I first walked on to the site that was the Achill Mission colony, and where my appetite was whetted for this story. I am indebted for the support of the Heinrich Böll committee, particularly Sheila McHugh and John McHugh, over almost a decade, and for the opportunity to present on the topic of this book at the Heinrich Böll Weekend in May 2015.

      On my frequent visits to the island I have enjoyed hospitality and sustenance at Gray’s Guesthouse in Dugort, Bervie Guesthouse and The Beehive in Keel and numerous other hostelries around the island.

      I am grateful for the inputs received from Dollie Darlington, Pat Gallagher, John ‘Twin’ McNamara, Anne O’Dowd, Mary Jo O’Keefe, John O’Shea and Tim Stevenson. Brian Thompson generously allowed me to use certain Achill photographs.

      For

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