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European Pioneers 74 Europe returns 'Home' to Southeast Asia?; The Predecessors of Marco Polo and Subsequent Travelers. Part III The View from the Deck: Early European Maps Chapter 7 Europe's Quest for a Sea Route to the Indies 82 The Geographia of Claudius Ptolemy; Dispelling the Myth of the Closed Indian Ocean. Chapter 8 A Confusion of Peninsulas and Dragon Tails 90 The Fate of Cattigara and the Great Promontory; The Life and The Death of The Phantom Peninsulas; Metamorphosis: The Martellus Dragon Tail 'Becomes' America. Chapter 9 Printed Maps Through 1538 100 The names Taprobana, Java Major, Java Minor; Johann Ruysch (1507); Martin Waldseemüller (1513) and Vesconte Maggiolo (1507-16); Lorenz Fries (1522); Benedetto Bordone's Island Maps (1528); Sebastian Münster (1532 and 1538); Barro's Hand-Map. Chapter 10 First Maps from the Spanish Voyages 1525-1540 124 The Magellan Voyage; Diego Ribero; Oronce Fine (1531); Sebastian Münster (1540). Chapter 11 Giacomo Gastaldi's Three Models 1548-1565 124 The Three Types and Their Sources; Micronesia; The Philippines and Borneo; The Spiceries and Indonesia; The Mainland on the 1548 Gastaldi Map; The Mainland on the 1554 Ramusio and 1561 Gastaldi Maps; Chiang Mai, and Lake Chiang Mai; Other Works by Gastaldi and the Italian School. 130 Chapter 12 Tangling with Terra Australis and Snared by the Linea 158 Terra Australis; The Line of Demarcation and Southeast Asia. Chapter 13 1570− ca. 1600: Diversity in a Transition to Standardization 164 Ortelius and Related Maps; The Curious Case of the 'Philippine' Island of St. John; Juan López de Velasco — Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas; Other Islands and Island Books; Dutch and German Maps at the Turn of the Seventeenth Century; The 'Plancius' map of circa 1594; The Linschoten map of 1595; The Lodewijcksz Map of 1598; The Trans-Peninsular Waterway; The Miniature Atlases of Langenes and Bertius; Waghenaer's Chart of the Sunda Strait and the Transition to Printed Sea Charts and Pilot Books; The Role of England. Part IV Companies and Colonization Chapter 14 The Advent of the East India Companies 200 India Companies; The English East India Company; The V.O.C. and Early Amsterdam Publishers; The Trend Toward Printed Sea-Charts; Italian and French Maps of the Later Seventeenth Century; Holland in the Latter Part of the Seventeenth Century; Spain Looks to Micronesia; Germany. Chapter 15 The Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 232 François Valentijn and Johannes van Keulen; England and France; Spain and the Philippines; European Maps in Southeast Asia. Chapter 16 The Nineteenth Century and the Mapping of the Interior 252 Indochina; Burma and Thailand; Transition to the Modern Era. Endnotes 265 References 272 Index 275

      Chronological List of Figures

9th to 14th Centuries
9th century	Stone relief, Candi Borobudur, pg. 30, fig. 11.
12th century	'Turin' world map, Anonymous, pg. 63, figs. 30 &; fig. 31 (detail).
13th century	World map, Beatus, pg. 70, fig. 36.
ca. 1320	World map (detail), Petro Vesconte/Marino Sanudo Bongars 1611), pg. 88, fig. 44.
1375	Southeast Asia from the Catalan Atlas, Abraham Cresques, pg. 78, fig. 40.
15th Century
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