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       Security and Terror

       The publisher and the University of California Press Foundation gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the Ahmanson Foundation Endowment Fund in Humanities.

       Security and Terror

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      AMERICAN CULTURE AND THE LONG HISTORY OF COLONIAL MODERNITY

       Eli Jelly-Schapiro

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      UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

      University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu.

      University of California Press

      Oakland, California

      © 2018 by The Regents of the University of California

      Chapter 1 was originally published in slightly different form as “Security: The Long History,” Journal of American Studies, vol. 47, no. 1 (2013): 801–26, © 2013 by Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission.

      Chapter 5 was originally published in slightly different form as “‘This Is Our Threnody’: Roberto Bolaño and the History of the Present,” Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, vol. 56, no. 1 (2015): 77–93, © 2015 by Taylor and Francis Ltd. (tandfonline.com). All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission.

      Brief portions of the Epilogue were originally published in slightly different form in “The Crazy: Writing the Iraq War,” The Nation, October 29, 2012: 44–45, © 2012 by The Nation. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission.

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Jelly-Schapiro, Eli, author.

      Title: Security and terror : American culture and the long history of colonial modernity / Eli Jelly-Schapiro.

      Description: Oakland, California : University of California Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. |

      Identifiers: LCCN 2017053887 (print) | LCCN 2017059017 (ebook) | ISBN 9780520968158 (ebook) | ISBN 9780520295377 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780520295384 (pbk. : alk. paper)

      Subjects: LCSH: War on Terrorism, 2001-2009. | War on Terrorism, 2001–2009, in literature. | Terrorism–United States. | National security–United States. | International relations and terrorism–United States. | Imperialism.

      Classification: LCC HV6432 (ebook) | LCC HV6432 .J445 2018 (print) | DDC 363.3250973–dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017053887

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       For my parents

      Contents

       Acknowledgments

       Introduction: History, Narrative, and the War on Terror

      1 •“All the World Was America”: The Long History of Homeland Security

      2 •“A General Principle of Democracy”: Terror and Colonial Modernity

      3 •“Choc en Retour”: Security, Terror, Theory

      4 •“Vanishing Points”: Postcolonial America

      5 •“This Is Our Threnody”: Writing History as Catastrophe

       Epilogue: Rupture and Colonial Modernity

       Notes

       Bibliography

       Index

      Profound gratitude: To Hazel Carby, for opening up this project—and the worlds it addresses—so many times, with a few precise and luminous words. To Michael Denning, for countless clarifying readings of my work, and for demonstrating—through his indomitable capacities for collaborative inquiry—that intellectual labor can itself be a form of political praxis. To Alicia Schmidt Camacho, for reminding me what’s at stake, and for showing me what’s possible, in the classroom and on the page.

      To Jean-Christophe Agnew, a wonderful teacher. To Lisa Lowe, whose urgent pedagogy provoked some of the questions at the core of this book. To Paul Gilroy, for support and inspiration. To You-Me Park and Henry Schwarz, for planting a seed. To Garnette Cadogan, interlocutor sui generis. To Colin Apple, Philip Bell, Goodloe Byron, Erik Lamb, Elizabeth Manekin, Nikki Smirl, Scott Statland, and Cody Upton—dear friends and guides. To Ed Krcma and Boris Pennington, for rigorous tea times, from Brooke Road to Osbaldeston. To my students, whose moral and imaginative thinking pushes my own, and restores my faith in what is to come. To my Yale comrades—among them Sigma Colón, Rossen Djagalov, Amina El-Annan, Daniel Gilbert, Joshua Glick, Tao Leigh Goffe, Sarah Haley, Andrew Hannon, Edward King, Monica Muñoz Martinez, David Minto, A. Naomi Paik, Ariana Paulson, J. Jesse Ramírez, Yenisey Rodriguez, Andrew Seal, Van Truong, and Gabriel Winant—for solidarities intellectual and otherwise. To Susan Amussen, Katherine Brokaw, Nigel Hatton, David Torres-Rouff, and the University of California, Merced Center for the Humanities, for providing me with a nurturing home in which to think and write at just the right time. To Samuel Amadon, David Bajo, Elise Blackwell, Liz Countryman, Susan Courtney, Holly Crocker, Michael Dowdy, Brian Glavey, Anne Gulick, Anthony Jarrells, Catherine Keyser, Seulghee Lee, Nina Levine, Evren Ozselcuk, and Gretchen Woertendyke, and to all of my colleagues in the English Department at the University of South Carolina, for creating such an extraordinary community, and for welcoming me into it with kindness and warmth. To one of those colleagues, Greg Forter, for reading two iterations of this book, and for responding each time with vital and brilliant insight. To its anonymous reviewers, whose trenchant readings improved it immeasurably. To its editor, Niels Hooper, for listening to and hearing my ideas with acuity. To Bradley Depew, Jolene Torr, and Jessica Adams, for their crucial and consummate interventions.

      To Krisztina Harsanyi, Tamas Jilling, and Andrea Jilling, for embracing me in their beautiful family. To Zsofia Jilling, whose grace and love touched every word. To Amália. To Joshua Jelly-Schapiro, who has taught me so much about writing and being in the world. And finally, to Katherine Jelly and Steven Schapiro, my first and greatest teachers; this book is for you.

      HISTORY, NARRATIVE, AND THE WAR ON TERROR

      ON SEPTEMBER 11, 2001, General Mahmud Ahmed, director of Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence, was visiting Washington, D.C., as a guest of George Tenet, director of the CIA. Following that morning’s attacks, the general’s itinerary changed; he was summoned not to the office of his host but to that of Richard Armitage, George W. Bush’s Deputy Secretary of State. As Armitage recalled the meeting, “I literally took [Ahmed] privately to my room and said: ‘No American will want to have anything to do with Pakistan in our moment of peril if you’re not with us. It’s black or white.’ And [Ahmed]

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