An Archive of Hope - Harvey Milk

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film Milk, directed by Gus Van Sant, written by Dustin Lance Black (for which he received an Academy Award), and starring Sean Penn as Harvey Milk (he, too, earned the Oscar). This acclaimed biopic rediscovered and, for both GLBTQ and straight audiences, introduced the name and political life of Harvey Milk. We cannot emphasize this enough: We would venture to estimate that a large percentage of an entire GLBTQ generation, and most of multiple generations of straight people, would not have recognized the name Harvey Milk before 2008. Milk retrieved, if within the limits of Hollywood history, the Castro’s first decade as a GLBTQ homeland, Mecca, or Oz, the time before HIV/AIDS when sex, sociality, solidarity, and struggle created affective bonds and visibility never before experienced to such an extent by GLBTQ peoples in the United States. Christopher Castiglia and Christopher Reed view Milk—and Milk’s appropriation of Rob Epstein’s 1984 documentary The Times of Harvey Milk—as part of the reparative and transformational counter-memory that undoes “de-generational unremembering” and deploys the past for social and political GLBTQ benefits in the present.130 Mathias Danbolt suggests that the film also productively juxtaposes heady memorialization with “archives of homophobic violence”—black and white images of state repression of gay men, the viscera of shame, and Milk’s brutal end—so that we “remember that the fight for a society livable for all continues in the present”—that is, as a mode of activist mobilization.131

      The stakes of the film deepened and widened because of the timing of its release in late fall of 2008, on the eve of the historic Obama election and amid the clamor of battle over Proposition 8 (“California Marriage Protection Act”), the ballot initiative and constitutional amendment that would by definition exclude same-sex marriage in California. Numerous articles marked parallels between the Prop 8 fight and Harvey Milk’s successful campaign against Proposition 6. Proposition 6 failed, perhaps Milk’s greatest political achievement; Proposition 8 passed, for many a devastating reversal of short-lived marriage equality. Despite the wrenching disappointment, many believed that Milk re-politicized GLBTQ peoples, reignited the movement. “We need Harvey Milk now,” someone told USA Today, “This movie reminds us what it’s like to fight for our rights, something I think many of us have forgotten how to do.” Echoing the Advocate, which dramatically announced “the Resurrection of Harvey Milk,” people wondered aloud, “What would Harvey do?” and “What if Milk had lived?” Such questions and the discourses that inspired them revealed a robust public memory of Milk.132

      In the few years since the film, Milk’s legacy has remained amplified, as an inspiration for the 2009 Equality March on Washington; in panels sponsored by the San Francisco GLBT Historical Society and featured in its new museum space; in the public performances of Cleve Jones and Dustin Lance Black; in Danny Nicoletta’s photographic exhibitions; in the philanthropic efforts of nephew Stuart Milk and his Harvey Milk Foundation; in the 2009 posthumous awarding of the Presidential Medal of Freedom; in California’s 2010 passage and subsequent annual celebrations of Harvey Milk Day; in public debate about how the space at 575 Castro should be embodied and utilized; in the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force petition to the United States Postal Service to create a Harvey Milk postage stamp; in Congressman Bob Filner’s 2012 proposal that a naval ship be named the USS Harvey Milk in recognition of Milk’s service and the end of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell.” Our hope with this volume and beyond it is that Harvey Milk will resonate for generations of GLBTQ people fighting for their rights and protections and an end to homophobia and heterosupremacy, and for those engaged in queer world making.

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