ТОП просматриваемых книг сайта:
The Politics of European Citizenship. Peo Hansen
Читать онлайн.Название The Politics of European Citizenship
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781845459918
Автор произведения Peo Hansen
Жанр Публицистика: прочее
Издательство Ingram
The flurry of activity to at once reshape and infuse the Community with new life that marked the early 1980s, and where the Commission’s (1985b) White Paper on the Completion of the Internal Market supplied the finishing touch, was to culminate in the signing of a new treaty, the Single European Act (SEA), in 1986. The SEA, which was ratified in 1987, constituted the first sizeable revision of the Community’s founding treaties. Laying the foundation for the subsequent Economic and Monetary Union and equipping the Community with a policy in the field of science and technology, the SEA also strengthened and expanded the Community’s competence in other important ways. As we will survey below, moreover, the SEA included measures to equip the Community with a “social Dimension” by seeking to boost the compass of social policy at the supranational level.
Most of all, however, the SEA was instrumental in setting in motion and providing the institutional, decision-making, and legal framework for the completion of the Single Market Program (anticipated to be accomplished by 1992), which the Commission’s new president Jacques Delors—drawing on the blueprint contained in the abovementioned White Paper—had spearheaded in 1985. Despite the fact that the internal market and the free movement of goods, capital, services, and persons formed part of the Rome Treaty, these objectives were still far from fully realized. A row of national barriers and other obstacles still prevented the Community from constituting a single internal market. The institutional, decision-making, and legal reforms that the member states agreed on in the Single European Act were thus specifically designed to enable a swift implementation of the Single Market. With the purpose of facilitating the removal of the many national market barriers, the member governments decided to remove the national veto in a number of political-economic areas tied to the Single Market’s function and logic. Hereby the right of veto was replaced by decision making with qualified majority voting in the Council of Ministers. This was indeed a big step, both in a real and a symbolic sense, and it is often cited as one of the most critical provisions overall agreed upon in the Single European Act (see Garrett and Weingast 1993: 191).
Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.
Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».
Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.
Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.