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      THE LISTENERS

      U-BOAT HUNTERS

      DURING THE GREAT WAR

      ROY R. MANSTAN

      THE LISTENERS

      WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PRESS

      MIDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT

      Wesleyan University Press

      Middletown CT 06459

       www.wesleyan.edu/wespress

      © 2018 Roy R. Manstan

      All rights reserved

      Manufactured in the United States of America

      5 4 3 2 1

      Typeset in Charter and Clarendon by

      Nord Compo

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Manstan, Roy R., author.

      Title: The listeners : U-boat hunters during the Great War / Roy R. Manstan.

      Other titles: U-boat hunters during the Great War

      Description: Middletown CT : Wesleyan University Press, [2018] | Series: Garnet books | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2018017912 (print) | LCCN 2018020180 (ebook) | ISBN 9780819578372 (ebook) | ISBN 9780819578358 (cloth)

      Subjects: LCSH: World War, 1914–1918—Naval operations—Submarine. | Anti-submarine warfare—United States—History—20th century. | United States Naval Engineering Experiment Station—History. | World War, 1914–1918—Connecticut—New London. | Hydrophone—History—20th century. | Submarines (Ships)—Germany—History—20th century. | World War, 1914–1918—Aerial operations. | World War, 1914–1918—Campaigns—Atlantic Ocean.

      Classification: LCC D590 (ebook) | LCC D590.M36 2018 (print) | DDC 940.4/5160973—dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018017912

      Front cover illustration: Submarine UB-148 at sea. Courtesy: National Archives, photo no. 19-N-11434.

       CONTENTS

       PREFACE: SUBMARINE WARFARE-ITS GENESIS IN CONNECTICUT / VII

       INTRODUCTION: THE WAR TO END ALL WARS / 1

       PART ONE 1914-1916

       CHAPTER 1: PREDATOR AND PREY / 11

       CHAPTER 2: THE FIRTH OF FORTH / 20

       CHAPTER 3: SIGHS OF A LOVESICK MERMAID / 29

       CHAPTER 4: HUNTING SUBMARINES FROM SHORE / 40

       CHAPTER 5: A GAME OF HIDE AND SEEK / 46

       CHAPTER 6: LUSITANIA / 55

       CHAPTER 7: AMERICA AWAKENS / 62

       CHAPTER 8: PREPARING FOR THE INEVITABLE / 70

       PART TWO 1917

       CHAPTER 9: AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR / 79

       CHAPTER 10: CROSSING THE ATLANTIC / 88

       CHAPTER 11: THE FIRST TENTATIVE STEPS / 94

       CHAPTER 12: PHYSICS PURE AND SIMPLE / 101

       CHAPTER 13: A SOUND DETECTOR OF EXCEEDING DELICACY / 110

       CHAPTER 14: FROM THE LABORATORY TO SEA / 122

       CHAPTER 15: MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH / 136

       CHAPTER 16: A “PROBABLE” FIRST KILL / 150

       PART THREE 1918

       CHAPTER 17: COLDEST WINTER ON RECORD / 163

       CHAPTER 18: THE NAVAL RESERVE FLYING CORPS / 172

       CHAPTER 19: LISTENERS IN THE SKY / 181

       CHAPTER 20: THE CRAZY AMERICAN—U-BOATS BEWARE / 201

       CHAPTER 21: INVISIBLE LIGHT AND OTHER MAGIC / 215

       CHAPTER 22: U-BOATS WESTWARD TO AMERICA / 228

       CHAPTER 23: AMERICA EASTWARD TO THE WAR / 240

       CHAPTER 24: LISTENERS AT THE FRONT AND ARMISTICE / 255

       EPILOGUE: THE WAR THAT DID NOT END ALL WARS / 271

       ACKNOWLEDGMENTS / 279

       NOTES / 281

       BIBLIOGRAPHY / 305

       INDEX / 313

       PREFACE SUBMARINE WARFARE –ITS GENESIS IN CONNECTICUT

image

      Nineteenth-century illustration of David Bushnell’s submarine Turtle used during the Revolutionary War in an attempt to sink the British flagship HMS Eagle, September 7, 1776. (Barber, 1875)

      The external shape of the sub-marine vessel bore some resemblance to two upper tortoise

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