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      Green Nanomaterials

      From bioinspired synthesis to sustainable manufacturing of inorganic nanomaterials

       Siddharth V Patwardhan

       Green Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Chemical andBiological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK

       Sarah S Staniland

       Bio-Nanomagnetic Research Group, Department of Chemistry,The University of Sheffield, UK

      IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK

      Siddharth V Patwardhan and Sarah S Staniland 2020

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, or as expressly permitted by law or under terms agreed with the appropriate rights organization. Multiple copying is permitted in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, the Copyright Clearance Centre and other reproduction rights organizations.

      Certain images in this publication have been obtained by the authors from Wikimedia websites, where they were made available under a Creative Commons licence or stated to be in the public domain. Please see individual figure captions in this publication for details. To the extent that the law allows, IOP Publishing disclaim any liability that any person may suffer as a result of accessing, using or forwarding the images. Any reuse rights should be checked and permission should be sought if necessary from Wikimedia and/or the copyright owner (as appropriate) before using or forwarding the images.

      Permission to make use of IOP Publishing content other than as set out above may be sought at [email protected].

      Siddharth V Patwardhan and Sarah S Staniland have asserted their right to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

      ISBN 978-0-7503-1221-9 (ebook)

      ISBN 978-0-7503-1222-6 (print)

      ISBN 978-0-7503-1836-5 (myPrint)

      ISBN 978-0-7503-1223-3 (mobi)

      DOI 10.1088/978-0-7503-1221-9

      Version: 20191201

      IOP ebooks

      British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

      Published by IOP Publishing, wholly owned by The Institute of Physics, London

      IOP Publishing, Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol, BS1 6HG, UK

      US Office: IOP Publishing, Inc., 190 North Independence Mall West, Suite 601, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA

      Contents

       Preface

       Acknowledgements

       Author biographies

       Section I Green chemistry principles

       1 Green chemistry and engineering

       1.1 Principles of green chemistry and engineering

       1.1.1 Overview

       1.1.2 Drivers for green approaches

       1.1.3 Estimating environmental impact

       1.2 Ways to improve sustainability

       1.3 Green chemistry and nanomaterials

       References

       Section II Nanomaterials

       2 Nanomaterials: what are they and why do we want them?

       2.1 Fundamentals of the nanoscale

       2.2 Tangible and historical examples of nanomaterials

       2.3 Special properties offered by the nanoscale

       2.3.1 Optical: surface plasmon resonance

       2.3.2 Optical: quantum dots fluorescence

       2.3.3 Electron spin and nanomagnetism

       2.4 Applications

       2.4.1 Nanomedicine

       2.4.2 Nanodevice technologies

       2.4.3 Consumer products

       2.5 Nanomaterial biocompatibility and toxicity

       2.6 Summary: key lessons from nanomaterials, nanoproperties and applications

       Summary of content

       Key lessons

       References

       3 Characterisation of nanomaterials

       3.1 Introduction

       3.2 Microscopy

       3.2.1 Optical microscopy

       3.2.2 Electron microscopy

       3.2.3 Scanning electron microscopy

       3.2.4 Transmission electron microscopy

       3.2.5 Atomic force microscopy

       3.3 Spectroscopy applied to nanomaterials

       3.3.1 Mass spectrometry

       3.3.2 Infra-red spectroscopy

      

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