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       Copyright

      William Collins

      An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers

      1 London Bridge Street

      London SE1 9GF

       WilliamCollinsBooks.com

      This eBook first published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2016

      Copyright © Richard Holmes 2016

      The author asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

      Cover image © shutterstock.com (eye)

      Cover design by Heike Schüssler

      All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins.

      Source ISBN: 9780008168728

      Ebook Edition © October 2016 ISBN: 9780008168711

      Version: 2017-09-06

       Dedication

      To Arabella Pike

      my wonderful editor for more than twenty years

      Contents

       Cover

       Title Page

       Copyright

       Dedication

       CONFESSIONS

       1 Travelling

       2 Experimenting

       3 Teaching

       4 Forgetting

       5 Ballooning

       RESTORATIONS

       6 Margaret Cavendish

       7 Zélide

       8 Madame de Staël

       9 Mary Wollstonecraft

       10 Mary Somerville

       AFTERLIVES

       11 John Keats the Well-Beloved

       12 Shelley Undrowned

       13 Thomas Lawrence Revarnished

       14 Coleridge Misremembered

       15 William Blake Rediscovered

       Acknowledgements

       List of Illustrations

       Picture Section

       Index

       About the Author

       Also by Richard Holmes

       About the Publisher

CONFESSIONS

      1

       Travelling

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      Every so often I close one of my working notebooks (there are nearly two hundred of them now, dating from 1964, the earliest in soft blue crumpled cardboard from Woolworths, the most recent in glossy black spiral-bound A5 hardback, from Black n’ Red) and begin to reflect on the whole journey, and the time left, and what if anything I have learned along the way. I look back at the highways and byways of biography, my own Footsteps and my Sidetracks, and most of all on my strange, unappeased sense of some continuous, intense and inescapable pursuit.

      I remember, for instance, the early summer of 1974, when I had just finished my first book, a biography of the Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. It was eight hundred pages long and I was nearly thirty. I had travelled in England, Scotland, Ireland, France and Italy in search of my fiery, footloose poet. I felt like a veteran after a long campaign in the field. I felt grizzled, anecdotal, displaced. What’s more, I found that I had returned with two conclusions about writing biography that were certainly not taught back home in academia.

      The first was the Footsteps principle. I had come to believe that the serious biographer must physically pursue his subject through the past. Mere archives were not enough. He must go to all the places where the subject had ever lived or

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