О филантропии древних евреев: словами Закона и устами Пророков - Фридрих Фурман

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J. Karpf, Jewish Social Service and its Impact upon Western Civilization. В кн. The Hebrew Impact on Western Civilization, New York, 1951, pp.139—162.

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      Как видим, и у древних евреев благотворительность складывается на основе своеобразного «взаимообмена дарами» между Богом и людьми. Завет между иудейским Богом и избранным народом и является по сути таким ритуальным «взаимообменом», выявленным в религиозно-этической практике почти всех древних племен на планете и сформулированным французским социологом Марселем Моссом (Marcel Mauss) в его знаменитой книге «Очерк о даре. Форма и основание обмена в архаических обществах (1925).

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      См. Loewenberg, упом. соч, с. 51—77.

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      Элиас Дж. Бикерман, Евреи в эпоху эллинизма, Москва, Мосты культуры, 2000, с. 19.

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      Бикерман, упом. соч., с. 20—26 и 45.

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      Lester L. Grabbe, Judaism from Cyrus to Hadrian: The Persian and Greek Periods, London, SMS Press, 1994, pp. 334—335.

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      Loewenberg, упом. соч., с. 67—70.

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      См. Краткая Еврейская Энциклопедия в 11 томах (далее – КЕЭ), Иерусалим, 1986, т.3, с. 126—127.

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      См. КЕЭ, т. 3, с. 127—128.

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      См. Еврейская Энциклопедия Брокгауза и Эфрона (далее – ЕЭ), статья «Академии Палестины».

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      См. ЕЭ, статья «Квиет, Луций», а также сайт http://www.livius.org/ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar06.html)

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