LITMIR.BIZ

359

Appian, Wars of Mithridates, xvii.

360

Strabo, XII. v. § 7.

361

Strabo (XII. v. § 3) tells us that Pessinus was the greatest mart of the province.

362

Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 23.

363

Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 26.

364

Diodorus Siculus, XVIII. 16.

365

Strabo, XII. ii. § 10.

366

About 3,500,000 francs [£140,000]. (Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 37.) See Appian, Wars of Syria, xlii. – “Demetrius obtained soon afterwards a thousand talents (5,821,000 francs [£232,840]) from Olophernes for having established him on the throne of Cappadocia.” (Appian, Wars of Syria, xlvii.)

367

Strabo, XII. ii. 7, 8.

368

Falkener, Ephesus: London, 1862.

369

Natural History, V. xxx. 126.

370

It was thence that the fleets of the kings of Pergamus put to sea. (Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 40; XLIV. 28.)

371

The name of Pergamus is preserved in our modern languages in the word “parchment” (pergamena), which was used to designate the skin which was prepared in that town to serve as paper, after the Ptolemies had prohibited the exportation of Egyptian papyrus.

372

Attalus I., King of Pergamus, gave to the Sicyonians 11,000 medimni of wheat. (Titus Livius, XXXII. 40.) – Eumenius II. lent 80,000 to the Rhodians. (Polybius, XXXI. xvii. 2.)

373

Strabo, XII. viii. § 11.

374

Athenæus, XV. xxxviii. 513, ed. Schweighæuser.

375

The Sea of Marmora took its name from these quarries of marble.

376

Κυξικηνοἱ στατἡρες, whence the word sequins.

377

Strabo, XIII. i. § 23.

378

Strabo, XV. iii. § 22.

379

Titus Livius, XXXII. 16; XXXVI. 43.

380

Titus Livius, XXXVII. 8.

381

The petty king Moagetes, who reigned at Cibyra, in Phrygia, gave a hundred talents and 10,000 medimni of corn (Polybius, XXII. 17. – Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 14 and 15); Termessus, fifty talents; Aspendus, Sagalassus, and all the cities of Pamphylia, paid the same (Polybius, XXII. 18 and 19); and the towns of this part of Asia contributed, at the first summons of the Roman general, for about 600 talents (3,500,000 francs [£140,000]); they also delivered to him about 60,000 medimni of corn.

382

Titus Livius, XXXIX. 6.

383

Manlius, although he had been despoiled on his way home of a part of his immense booty by the mountaineers of Thrace, displayed, at his triumph, crowns of gold to the weight of 212 pounds, 220,000 pounds of silver, 2,103 pounds of gold, more than 127,000 Attic tetradrachms, 250,000 cistophori, and 16,320 gold coins of Philip. (Titus Livius, XXXIX. 7.)

384

Appian, Wars of Mithridates, lxiii.

385

Arrian, Campaigns of Alexander, I. xx. § 3. – Diodorus, XVII. 23.

386

Strabo, XIV. ii. 565.

387

Strabo, XIV. i. § 6.

388

Pliny, Natural History, V. 31.

389

Strabo, XIV. iii. § 6.

390

Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 39.

391

Scylax, Periplus, 39, ed. Hudson. – Dio Cassius, XLVII. 34.

392

Herodotus, I. 176.

393

Pliny, Natural History, V. 28.

394

Strabo, XIV. v. § 2.

395

Strabo, XIV. v. § 2.

396

Tarsus had still naval arsenals in the time of Strabo (XIV. v. § 12 et seq.).

397

Arrian, Anabasis, II. 5.

398

Polybius, XXII. 7.

399

Seleucus founded sixteen towns of the name of Antiochia, five of the name of Laodicea, nine of the name of Seleucia, three of the name of Apamea, one of the name of Stratonicea, and a great number of others which equally received Greek names. (Appian, Wars of Syria, lvii. 622.) – Pliny (Natural History, VI. xxvi. 117) informs us that it was the Seleucides who collected into towns the inhabitants of Babylonia, who before only inhabited villages (vici), and had no other cities than Nineveh and Babylon.

400

Pliny (Natural History, VI. 26, 119) mentions one of these towns which was 70 stadia in circuit, and in his time was reduced to a mere fortress.

401

Strabo, XVI. ii. § 5. – Pausanias, VI. ii. § 7.

402

John Malalas, Chronicle, VIII. 200 and 202, ed. Dindorf.

403

Strabo, XVI. ii. § 4.

404

Strabo, XVI. ii. § 6.

405

Strabo, XVI. ii. § 10.

406

It was raised on a terrace a thousand feet long by three hundred feet broad, and was built with stones 70 feet long.

407

The empire of Seleucus comprised seventy-two satrapies. (Appian, Wars of Syria, lxii. 630.)

408

Polybius, X. 27. Ecbatana paid to Antiochus III. a tribute of 4,000 talents (Attic talents = 23,284,000 francs [£931,360]), the produce of the casting of silver tiles which roofed one of its temples. Alexander the Great had already carried away those of the roof of the palace of the kings.

409

The country of Gerra, among the Arabians, paid 500 talents to Antiochus (Attic talents = 2,910,500 francs [£116,420]). (Polybius, XIII. 9.) – There was formerly a great quantity of gold in Arabia. (Job xxviii. 1, 2. – Diodorus Siculus, II. 50.)

410

Strabo, XVI. iii. § 3.

411

Strabo, XI. ii. 426 et seq.

412

Pliny, Natural History, VI. 11.

413

Polybius, V. 54. If, as is probable, Babylonian talents are intended, this would make about 7,426,000 francs [£297,040], Seleucia, on the Tigris, was very populous. Pliny (Natural History, VI. 26) estimates the number of its inhabitants at 600,000. Strabo (XVI. ii. § 5) tells us that Seleucia was even greater than Antioch. This town, which had succeeded Babylon, appears to have inherited a part of its population.

414

In 565, Antiochus III. gives 15,000 talents (Euboic talents = 87,315,000 francs [£3,492,600]). (Polybius, XXI. 14. – Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 37.) In the treaty of the following year, the Romans stipulated for a tribute of 12,000 Attic talents of the purest gold, payable in twelve years, each talent of 80 pounds Roman (69,852,000 francs [£2,794,080]). (Polybius, XXII. 26, § 19.) In addition to this, Eumenes was to receive 359 talents (2,089,739

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