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1489–1555. Abp. Canterbury. Theologian. See Archdeacon Todd's Life of, 1831.

      Crashaw [crăsh´aw], Richard. c. 1620–1650. Poet. Author of Steps to the Temple, etc. His verse is fanciful and mystical, but always melodious. See Turnbull's complete edition of London, 1858. See G. MacDonald's England's Antiphon and Cornhill Mag., April, 1883.

      Creasy, Sir Edward Shepherd. 1812–1878. Historian. Author Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, Hist. Ottoman Turks, Hist. of England. Pub. Ho. Har.

      Croker, John Wilson. 1780–1857. Essayist and historical writer. Style caustic and vigorous. See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.

      Croker, Thos. Crofton. 1798–1854. Irish novelist. Author of romances and fairy tales, the latter of great beauty.

      Croly, George. 1780–1860. Irish poet. Author Angel of the World, Catiline, etc. His verse has a showy, tinsel brilliancy. Pub. Har. Rou.

      Cruden [kroo´den], Alexander. 1701–1770. Scotch theologian. Famous as the author of the well-known Concordance to the Bible. Pub. Lip. Ran. Wh.

      Cudlip, Mrs. Annie Pender, "Annie Thomas." 18 – . Novelist. Author Denis Donne, A Passion in Tatters, Playing for High Stakes, etc. Pub. Har.

      Cudworth, Ralph. 1617–1688. Philosopher. His True Intellectual System ranks among Eng. prose classics. See edition 1845, 3 vols.

      Cumberland, Richard. 1632–1718. Bp. Peterborough. Philosophical writer.

      Cumberland, Richard. 1732–1811. Great-grandson to preceding. Poet and dramatist. Wrote The West Indian, Wheel of Fortune, and other rather sentimental comedies. See edition of his dramas, by Jansen, 1813.

      Cumming, John. 1810–1881. Scotch theologian and popular London preacher. Author Apocalyptic Sketches, Fall of Babylon Foreshadowed, etc.

      Cunningham, Allan. 1785–1842. Scotch poet and critic. C. wrote many spirited songs, among which A Wet Sheet and a Flowing Sea is best known. Author Hist. British Painters, Life of Wilkie, etc. See Poems and Songs of, edited by Peter Cunningham, 1847. Pub. Har.

      Cunningham, John. 1729–1773. Irish lyrical poet.

      Cunningham, John Wm. 1780–1861. Poet.

      Cunningham, Peter. 1816–1869. Son to A. C. Antiquary. Author Handbook of London, Modern London, Memoir of J. M. W. Turner, etc.

       Dalrymple, Sir David. 1726–1792. Scotch historian. Author Annals of Scotland, etc.

      Dalrymple, John Hamilton. 1726–1810. Scotch historian. Author Memoirs of Great Britain.

      Daniel, Samuel. 1562–1619. Poet and historian. D. wrote a Hist. of the Civil Wars in 8-line stanzas, also a prose Hist. of England. See Campbell's Specimens of Eng. Poets.

      D'Arblay, Madame, née Frances Burney. 1752–1840. Novelist. Author Evelina, Cecilia, Camilla, etc. See her Diary, pub. 1846; also Contemporary Rev., Dec., 1882. Pub. Har. Rob.

      Darwin, Chas. Robert. 1809–1882. Naturalist. The most notable scientist of the age, and the originator of the Evolution Theory. He had a clear, well-balanced mind, and his statements are based on careful observation and reflection. Origin of Species, Variation under Domestication, Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals, Descent of Man, Insectivorous Plants, and Movements in Plants are his chief works. See Atlantic Monthly, June, 1882; Century Mag., Jan., 1883. Pub. Apl.

      Darwin, Erasmus. 1731–1802. Grandfather to C. D. Poet and physician. Author of The Botanic Garden, a hard, metallic poem of a scientific cast, polished and elaborated to excess. See Miss Seward's Memoirs of; Craik's Eng. Lit., vol. 2; Krause's Life of.

      Davenant, Sir Wm. 1605–1688. Dramatist. D. wrote 25 comedies and tragedies, and the long and feeble heroic poem Gondibert. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

      Davies, Sir John. 1570–1626. Poet. Author of Nosce Teipsum, a poem on the immortality of the soul, of great power and beauty, and a poetical treatise on dancing, entitled Orchestra. See Grosart's complete edition, 1876. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

      Davy, Sir Humphrey. 1778–1829. Chemist. Author Researches Chemical and Philosophical, Elements of Chemical Philosophy, Consolations of Travel, etc. See Life and Works of, by John Davy, 9 vols., London, 1840. Pub. Rob.

      Day, Thomas. 1748–1789. Author of the famous juvenile tale Sandford and Merton. Pub. Har. Hou. Rob.

      Defoe, Daniel. 1661–1731. Political writer and novelist. His stories form the link connecting the tales and romances of the 17th cent. with the novel of the 18th. Moll Flanders, Capt. Singleton, and Robinson Crusoe are among his chief works. Style lively, rapid, and realistic. See Oxford edition, 20 vols., 1840. See Life, by Lee, 3 vols.; also, Defoe, by Wm. Minto, in Eng. Men of Letters.

      Dekker, Thomas. c. 1570–1641. Dramatist. Author Satiriomastix, etc. D. wrote mainly with other dramatists, but so far as his separate work can be traced, it shows tenderness and pathos. See Eng. edition of Dekker, 1873. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

      De la Rame [deh-lä-rä-mā´], Louisa, "Ouida." 1840 – . Novelist. Author of Strathmore, Moths, Bebée, Wanda, etc. An entertaining, sprightly writer, of much genius, whose works are of a doubtful moral tendency. Pub. Lip.

      De Morgan, Augustus. 1806–1871. Mathematician. Author Essays on Probabilities, Formal Logic, Paradoxes and Problems, etc.

      Denham, Sir John. 1615–1668. Poet. His poem Cooper's Hill shows fine descriptive powers. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

      Dennis, John. 1657–1734. Dramatist and critic. Author of A Plot and No Plot, Appius and Virginia, The Usefulness of the Stage, The Grounds of Criticism, etc.

      De Quincey, Thomas. 1785–1859. Critic and essayist. A great master of Eng. prose. He possessed great acuteness and fine descriptive powers, but lacked creative ability. Confessions of an Opium-Eater and Murder Considered as one of the Fine Arts are two of the best examples of his style. See Page's Life of, 1877; Biographical Sketches by H. Martineau. Pub. Hou.

      Derby, Earl of. See Stanley, Edward G. S.

      De Redcliffe, Lord Stratford. 1788–1880. Poet and theologian.

      De Vere, Sir Aubrey. 1788–1846. Irish poet. Author Julian the Apostate, etc.

      De Vere, Aubrey Thos. 1814 – . Irish poet. Son to preceding. Author May Carols, Irish Odes, The Sisters, etc. His verse is pleasing, and possesses merit.

      De Vere, Edward. Earl of Oxford. 1545–1604. Poet.

      Dibdin, Charles. 1745–1814. Poet and miscellaneous writer. Author of a complete Hist. of the Eng. Stage, but best known by his naval songs, over 1200 in number. For the latter, see Hogarth's edition, 1843.

      Dibdin, Thos. 1771–1841. Son to C. D. A prolific song-writer and playwright. Author of a Metrical Hist. of England, etc.

      Dibdin, Thos. Frognall. 1776–1847. Bibliographer. Neph. to C. D. Author Bibliomania, Typographical Antiquities of Gt. Britain, Bibliographical Decameron, etc.

      Dicey, Edward Stephen. 1832 – . Journalist. Author Memoir of Cavour, Rome in 1860, The Schleswig-Holstein War, etc.

      Dick, Thomas. 1772–1857. Scotch writer. The Christian Philosopher is his best known work. Pub. Har. Clx. Phi.

      Dickens, Charles. 1812–1870. Novelist.

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