Biodiesel Technology and Applications - Группа авторов

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      Scrivener Publishing 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J Beverly, MA 01915-6106

      Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener ([email protected]) Phillip Carmical ([email protected])

      Biodiesel Technology and Applications

      Edited by

      Inamuddin,

      Mohd Imran Ahamed,

      Rajender Boddula

       and

      Mashallah Rezakazemi

      This edition first published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA

      © 2021 Scrivener Publishing LLC

      For more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.

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       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      ISBN 9781119724643

      Cover image: Pixabay.com Cover design by Russell Richardson

      Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines

      Printed in the USA

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Preface

      Energy technologies have attracted great attention due to the fast development of sustainable energy. Biodiesel technologies have been identified as the sustainable route through which overdependence on fossil fuels can be reduced. Biodiesel has played a key role in handling the growing challenge of a global climate change policy. Biodiesel is defined as the monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel is a cost-effective, renewable, and sustainable fuel that can be made from vegetable oils and animal fats. Compared to petroleum-based diesel, biodiesel would offer a non-toxicity, biodegradability, improved air quality and positive impact on the environment, energy security, safe-to-handle, store and transport, and so on. Biodiesels have been used as a replacement of petroleum diesel in transport vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, locomotives, heat oils, hydrogen production, electricity generators, agriculture, mining, construction, and forestry equipment.

      This book describes a comprehensive overview, covering a broad range of topics on biodiesel technologies and allied applications. Chapters cover history, properties, resources, fabrication methods, parameters, formulations, reactors, catalysis, transformations, analysis, in situ spectroscopies, key issues and applications of biodiesel technology. It also includes bio-diesel methods, extraction strategies, biowaste utilization, oleochemical resources, non-edible feedstocks, heterogeneous catalysts, patents, and case-studies. Progress, challenges, future directions, and state-of-the-art biodiesel commercial technologies are discussed in detail. This book is an invaluable resource guide for professionals, faculty, students, chemical engineers, biotechnologists, and environmentalists in these research and development areas. This book includes the eighteen chapters and the summaries are given as follows.

      Chapter 2 addresses ultrasonic energy which can increase the interface area while creating a thermal effect in heterogeneous biodiesel production process to result in higher biodiesel yield. Fundamental understanding of the improved reactant-catalyst interaction, the nature of the thermal

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