Скачать книгу

that the population was 3,120,000 in 1993 and that it has fallen

       since 1990

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 34% (male 570,978; female 529,147)

       15–64 years: 60% (male 910,873; female 1,049,662)

       65 years and over: 6% (male 77,799; female 110,677) (July 1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.34% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 22.21 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 7.64 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: −1.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.87 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.92 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 49.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 67.92 years male: 64.91 years female: 71.17 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 2.65 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Albanian(s) adjective: Albanian

      Ethnic divisions: Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2% (Vlachs,

       Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians) (1989 est.)

       note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from

       1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization)

      Religions: Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10%

       note: all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious

       observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing

       private religious practice

      Languages: Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek

      Literacy: age 9 and over can read and write (1955 est.)

       total population: 72%

       male: 80%

       female: 63%

      Government—————

      Name of country:

       conventional long form: Republic of Albania

       conventional short form: Albania

       local long form: Republika e Shqiperise

       local short form: Shqiperia

       former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania

      Data code: AL

      Type of government: emerging democracy

      Capital: Tirane

      Administrative divisions: 26 districts (rrethe, singular - rreth);

       Berat, Dibre, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster, Gramsh, Kolonje,

       Korce, Kruje, Kukes, Lezhe, Librazhd, Lushnje, Mat, Mirdite, Permet,

       Pogradec, Puke, Sarande, Shkoder, Skrapar, Tepelene, Tirane,

       Tropoje, Vlore; note - some new administrative units may have been

       created

      Independence: 28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 28 November (1912)

      Constitution: an interim basic law was approved by the People's Assembly on 29 April 1991; a draft constitution was rejected by popular referendum in the fall of 1994 and a new draft is pending

      Legal system: has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: President of the Republic Sali BERISHA (since 9

       April 1992) was elected for a five-year term by the People's Assembly

       head of government: Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers

       Aleksander Gabriel MEKSI (since 10 April 1992) was appointed by the

       president

       cabinet: Council of Ministers was appointed by the president

      Legislative branch: unicameral

       People's Assembly (Kuvendi Popullor): elections last held 22 March

       1992; results - DP 62.29%, ASP 25.57%, SDP 4.33%, RP 3.15%, UHP

       2.92%, other 1.74%; seats - (140 total) DP 92, ASP 38, SDP 7, RP 1,

       UHP 2

       note: six members of the Democratic Party defected, making the

       present seating in the Assembly DP 86, ASP 38, SDP 7, DAP 6, RP 1,

       UHP 2

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court, chairman of the Supreme Court is

       elected by the People's Assembly

      Political parties and leaders: there are at least 28 political

       parties; most prominent are the Albanian Socialist Party (ASP;

       formerly the Albania Workers Party), Fatos NANO, first secretary;

       Democratic Party (DP); Albanian Republican Party (RP), Sabri GODO;

       Omonia (Greek minority party), Sotir QIRJAZATI, first secretary;

       Social Democratic Party (SDP), Skender GJINUSHI; Democratic Alliance

       Party (DAP), Neritan CEKA, chairman; Unity for Human Rights Party

       (UHP), Vasil MELO, chairman; Ecology Party (EP), Namik HOTI, chairman

      International organization participation: BSEC, CCC, CE, EBRD,

       ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD,

       IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol,

       IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,

       UNOMIG, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

      Diplomatic representation in US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Lublin DILJA

       chancery: Suite 1000, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005

       telephone: [1] (202) 223–4942, 8187

       FAX: [1] (202) 628–7342

      US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph E. LAKE embassy: Rruga E. Labinoti 103, Tirane mailing address: PSC 59, Box 100 (A), APO AE 09624 telephone: [355] (42) 328–75, 335–20 FAX: [355] (42) 322–22

      Flag: red with a black two-headed eagle in the center

      Economy———

      Economic overview: An extremely poor country by European standards, Albania is making the difficult transition to a more open-market economy. The economy rebounded in 1993–95 after a severe depression accompanying the collapse of the previous centrally planned system in 1990 and 1991. Stabilization policies - including a strict monetary policy, public sector layoffs, and reduced social services - have improved the government's fiscal situation and reduced inflation. The recovery has been spurred by the remittances of some 20% of the labor force which works abroad, mostly in Greece and Italy. These remittances supplement GDP and help offset the large foreign trade deficit. Foreign assistance and humanitarian aid also supported the recovery. Most agricultural land was privatized in 1992, substantially improving peasant incomes. Albania's industrial sector ended its five-year, 78% decline in 1995, recording roughly 6% growth. A sharp fall in chromium prices has reduced hard

Скачать книгу