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total 2,013 km, Armenia (west) 566 km, Armenia (southwest) 221 km,

       Georgia 322 km, Iran (south) 432 km, Iran (southwest) 179 km, Russia

       284 km, Turkey 9 km

       Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

       note:

       Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (800 km, est.)

       Maritime claims:

       NA

       note:

       Azerbaijani claims in Caspian Sea unknown; 10-nm fishing zone provided

       for in 1940 treaty regarding trade and navigation between Soviet Union

       and Iran

       International disputes:

       violent and longstanding dispute with ethnic Armenians of

       Nagorno-Karabakh over its status, lesser dispute concerns Nakhichevan;

       some Azerbaijanis desire absorption of and/or unification with the

       ethnic Azeri portion of Iran

       Climate:

       dry, semiarid steppe

       Terrain:

       large, flat Kur-Araz Lowland (much of it below sea level) with Great

       Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag (Karabakh) Upland in west;

       Baku lies on Abseron (Apsheron) Peninsula that juts into Caspian Sea

       Natural resources:

       petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina

       Land use:

       arable land:

       18%

       permanent crops:

       4%

       meadows and pastures:

       25%

       forest and woodland:

       0%

       other:

       53%

       Irrigated land:

       14,010 sq km (1990)

       Environment:

       current issues:

       local scientists consider the Abseron (Apsheron) Peninsula (including

       Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most

       devastated area in the world because of severe air, water, and soil

       pollution; soil pollution results from the use of DDT as a pesticide

       and also from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton

       natural hazards:

       subject to drought; some coastal areas threatened by rising levels of

       the Caspian Sea

       international agreements:

       signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change

       Note:

       landlocked

      @Azerbaijan, People

      Population:

       7,684,456 (July 1994 est.)

       Population growth rate:

       1.41% (1994 est.)

       Birth rate:

       23.04 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

       Death rate:

       6.58 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

       Net migration rate:

       −2.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

       Infant mortality rate:

       34.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

       Life expectancy at birth:

       total population:

       70.85 years

       male:

       67.08 years

       female:

       74.8 years (1994 est.)

       Total fertility rate:

       2.7 children born/woman (1994 est.)

       Nationality:

       noun:

       Azerbaijani(s)

       adjective:

       Azerbaijani

       Ethnic divisions:

       Azeri 82.7%, Russian 5.6%, Armenian 5.6%, Dagestani 3.2%, other 2.9%

       (1989)

       note:

       Armenian share is now approximately 0.3% because most Armenians have

       fled the ethnic violence since 1989 census; Russian percentage is

       probably half what it was for the same reason

       Religions:

       Muslim 87%, Russian Orthodox 5.6%, Armenian Orthodox 5.6%, other 1.8%

       Languages:

       Azeri 82%, Russian 7%, Armenian 5%, other 6%

       Literacy:

       age 9–49 can read and write (1970)

       total population:

       100%

       male:

       100%

       female:

       100%

       Labor force:

       2.789 million

       by occupation:

       agriculture and forestry 32%, industry and construction 26%, other 42%

       (1990)

      @Azerbaijan, Government

      Names:

       conventional long form:

       Azerbaijani Republic

       conventional short form:

       Azerbaijan

       local long form:

       Azarbaycan Respublikasi

       local short form:

       none

       former:

       Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

       Digraph:

       AJ

       Type:

       republic

       Capital:

       Baku (Baky)

       Administrative divisions:

       1 autonomous republic (avtomnaya respublika); Nakhichevan

       (administrative center at Nakhichevan)

       note:

       all rayons except for the exclave of Nakhichevan are under direct

       republic jurisdiction

       Independence:

       30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

       National holiday:

       Novruz Bayram, 21–22 March

       Constitution:

       adopted NA April 1978; writing a new constitution mid-1993

       Legal system:

       based on civil law system

       Suffrage:

       18 years of age; universal

       Executive branch:

       chief of state:

       President Heydar ALIYEV (since 18 June 1993 after President ELCIBEY

       left Baku for Nakhichevan); election last held 3 October 1993 (next to

       be held NA); results - Heydar ALIYEV won 97% of vote

      

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