LITMIR.BIZ

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2004

       presented a draft to the Council of Ministers

      Legal system:

       based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted

       compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage:

       each family has one vote in village-level elections; note - in late

       2003 Bhutan's legislature passed a new election law

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972)

       elections: none; the monarch is hereditary, but democratic reforms

       in July 1998 grant the National Assembly authority to remove the

       monarch with two-thirds vote

       head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Lyonpo

       Yeshey ZIMBA (since 20 August 2004)

       cabinet: Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog) nominated by the

       monarch, approved by the National Assembly; members serve fixed,

       five-year terms; note - there is also a Royal Advisory Council

       (Lodoi Tsokde), members nominated by the monarch

      Legislative branch:

       unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 elected

       from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies, and 35

       are designated by the monarch to represent government and other

       secular interests; members serve three-year terms)

       elections: local elections last held November 2002 (next to be held

       NA 2005)

       election results: NA

      Judicial branch:

       Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed

       by the monarch)

      Political parties and leaders:

       no legal parties

      Political pressure groups and leaders:

       Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant

       antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community; United Front for

       Democracy (exiled)

      International organization participation:

       AsDB, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IOC, IOM

       (observer), ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD,

       UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)

      Diplomatic representation in the US:

       none; note - Bhutan has a Permanent Mission to the UN; address: 2

       United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017; telephone [1]

       (212) 826–1919; FAX [1] (212) 826–2998; the Bhutanese mission to the

       UN has consular jurisdiction in the US

       consulate(s) general: New York

      Diplomatic representation from the US: the US and Bhutan have no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India)

      Flag description:

       divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper

       triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along

       the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from

       the hoist side

      Economy Bhutan

      Economy - overview:

       The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is

       based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood

       for more than 90% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of

       subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate

       the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure

       difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's

       through strong trade and monetary links and dependence on India's

       financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically

       backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most

       development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian

       migrant labor. Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for

       tourists are key resources. Model education, social, and environment

       programs are underway with support from multilateral development

       organizations. Each economic program takes into account the

       government's desire to protect the country's environment and

       cultural traditions. For example, the government in its cautious

       expansion of the tourist sector encourages the visits of upscale,

       environmentally conscientious visitors. Detailed controls and

       uncertain policies in areas like industrial licensing, trade, labor,

       and finance continue to hamper foreign investment.

      GDP:

       purchasing power parity - $2.7 billion (2002 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate:

       7.7% (2002 est.)

      GDP - per capita:

       purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2002 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 45% industry: 10% services: 45% (2002 est.)

      Population below poverty line:

       NA

      Household income or consumption by percentage share:

       lowest 10%: NA

       highest 10%: NA

      Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       3% (2002 est.)

      Labor force:

       NA

       note: massive lack of skilled labor (1997 est.)

      Labor force - by occupation:

       agriculture 93%, industry and commerce 2%, services 5%

      Unemployment rate:

       NA

      Budget:

       revenues: $146 million

       note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of

       Bhutan's budget expenditures (FY95/96 est.)

       expenditures: $152 million, including capital expenditures of NA

      Agriculture - products:

       rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs

      Industries:

       cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages,

       calcium carbide

      Industrial production growth rate:

       9.3% (1996 est.)

      Electricity - production:

       1.896 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - consumption:

       379.5 million kWh (2001)

      Electricity - exports:

       1.4 billion kWh (2001)

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