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reimposed administrative

       controls over prices and currency exchange rates and expanded the

       state's right to intervene in the management of private enterprises.

       In addition, businesses have been subject to pressure on the part of

       central and local governments, e.g., arbitrary changes in

       regulations, numerous rigorous inspections, retroactive application

       of new business regulations, and arrests of "disruptive" businessmen

       and factory owners. A wide range of redistributive policies has

       helped those at the bottom of the ladder. For the time being,

       Belarus remains self-isolated from the West and its open-market

       economies.

      GDP:

       purchasing power parity - $62.56 billion (2003 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate:

       6.8% (2003 est.)

      GDP - per capita:

       purchasing power parity - $6,100 (2003 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 11.1% industry: 36.4% services: 52.5% (2003 est.)

      Investment (gross fixed):

       21.7% of GDP (2003)

      Population below poverty line:

       22% (1995 est.)

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 5.1% highest 10%: 20% (1998)

      Distribution of family income - Gini index:

       21.7 (1998)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       28.2% (2003 est.)

      Labor force:

       4.8 million (2000 est.)

      Labor force - by occupation:

       NA

      Unemployment rate:

       2.1% officially registered unemployed (December 2000); large number

       of underemployed workers (2003 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $2.976 billion

       expenditures: $3.211 billion, including capital expenditures of $180

       million (2003 est.)

      Agriculture - products:

       grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, flax; beef, milk

      Industries:

       metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers,

       motorcycles, television sets, chemical fibers, fertilizer, textiles,

       radios, refrigerators

      Industrial production growth rate:

       5% (2003 est.)

      Electricity - production:

       24.4 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - consumption:

       26.69 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - exports:

       300 million kWh (2001)

      Electricity - imports:

       4.3 billion kWh (2001)

      Oil - production:

       37,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - consumption:

       230,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - exports:

       NA (2001)

      Oil - imports:

       NA (2001)

      Natural gas - production:

       200 million cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - consumption:

       18 billion cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - exports:

       0 cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - imports:

       17.8 billion cu m (2001 est.)

      Current account balance:

       $-945 million (2003)

      Exports:

       $9.413 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

      Exports - commodities:

       machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals;

       textiles, foodstuffs

      Exports - partners:

       Russia 49.1%, UK 9.4%, Poland 4.4%, Germany 4.2%, Netherlands 4.2%

       (2003)

      Imports:

       $11.09 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

      Imports - commodities:

       mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs,

       metals

      Imports - partners:

       Russia 65.8%, Germany 7.1%, Ukraine 3.1% (2003)

      Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:

       $637 million (2003)

      Debt - external:

       $851 million (2001 est.)

      Economic aid - recipient:

       $194.3 million (1995)

      Currency:

       Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)

      Currency code:

       BYB/BYR

      Exchange rates:

       Belarusian rubles per US dollar - 1,790.92 (2003), 1,920 (2002),

       1,390 (2001), 876.75 (2000), 248.795 (1999)

      Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      Communications Belarus

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       3,071,300 (2003)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       1.118 million (2003)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: the Ministry of Telecommunications controls all

       telecommunications through its carrier (a joint stock company)

       Beltelcom which is a monopoly

       domestic: local - Minsk has a digital metropolitan network and a

       cellular NMT-450 network; waiting lists for telephones are long;

       local service outside Minsk is neglected and poor; intercity -

       Belarus has a partly developed fiber-optic backbone system presently

       serving at least 13 major cities (1998); Belarus' fiber optics form

       synchronous digital hierarchy rings through other countries'

       systems; an inadequate analog system remains operational

       international: country code - 375; Belarus is a member of the

       Trans-European Line (TEL), Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line,

       and has access to the Trans-Siberia Line (TSL); three fiber-optic

       segments provide connectivity to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and

       Ukraine; worldwide service is available to Belarus through this

       infrastructure; additional analog lines to Russia; Intelsat,

       Eutelsat, and Intersputnik earth stations

      Radio broadcast stations:

      

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