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is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.

      Debt - external This entry gives the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.

      Dependency status This entry describes the formal relationship between a particular nonindependent entity and an independent state.

      Dependent areas This entry contains an alphabetical listing of all nonindependent entities associated in some way with a particular independent state.

      Diplomatic representation The US Government has diplomatic relations with 186 independent states, including 185 of the 191 UN members (excluded UN members are Bhutan, Cuba, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, and the US itself). In addition, the US has diplomatic relations with 1 independent state that is not in the UN - Holy See.

      Diplomatic representation in the US This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.

      Diplomatic representation from the US This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.

      Disputes - international This entry includes a wide variety of situations that range from traditional bilateral boundary disputes to unilateral claims of one sort or another. Information regarding disputes over international terrestrial and maritime boundaries has been reviewed by the US Department of State. References to other situations involving borders or frontiers may also be included, such as resource disputes, geopolitical questions, or irredentist issues; however, inclusion does not necessarily constitute official acceptance or recognition by the US Government.

      Distribution of family income - Gini index This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the richest. The index is the ratio of (a) the area between a country's Lorenz curve and the 45 degree helping line to (b) the entire triangular area under the 45 degree line. The more nearly equal a country's income distribution, the closer its Lorenz curve to the 45 degree line and the lower its Gini index, e.g., a Scandinavian country with an index of 25. The more unequal a country's income distribution, the farther its Lorenz curve from the 45 degree line and the higher its Gini index, e.g., a Sub- Saharan country with an index of 50. If income were distributed with perfect equality, the Lorenz curve would coincide with the 45 degree line and the index would be zero; if income were distributed with perfect inequality, the Lorenz curve would coincide with the horizontal axis and the right vertical axis and the index would be 100.

      Economic aid - donor This entry refers to net official development assistance (ODA) from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations to developing countries and multilateral organizations. ODA is defined as financial assistance that is concessional in character, has the main objective to promote economic development and welfare of the less developed countries (LDCs), and contains a grant element of at least 25%. The entry does not cover other official flows (OOF) or private flows.

      Economic aid - recipient This entry, which is subject to major problems of definition and statistical coverage, refers to the net inflow of Official Development Finance (ODF) to recipient countries. The figure includes assistance from the World Bank, the IMF, and other international organizations and from individual nation donors. Formal commitments of aid are included in the data. Omitted from the data are grants by private organizations. Aid comes in various forms including outright grants and loans. The entry thus is the difference between new inflows and repayments.

      Economy This category includes the entries dealing with the size, development, and management of productive resources, i.e., land, labor, and capital.

      Economy - overview This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.

      Electricity - consumption This entry consists of total electricity generated annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.

      Electricity - exports

       This entry is the total exported electricity in kilowatt-hours.

      Electricity - imports

       This entry is the total imported electricity in kilowatt-hours.

      Electricity - production This entry is the annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt- hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.

      Electricity - production by source This entry states the percentage share of electricity generated from each energy source. These are fossil fuel, hydro, nuclear, and other (solar, geothermal, and wind).

      Elevation extremes

       This entry includes both the highest point and the lowest point.

      Entities Some of the independent states, dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and governments included in this publication are not independent, and others are not officially recognized by the US Government. "Independent state" refers to a people politically organized into a sovereign state with a definite territory. "Dependencies" and "areas of special sovereignty" refer to a broad category of political entities that are associated in some way with an independent state. "Country" names used in the table of contents or for page headings are usually the short-form names as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names and may include independent states, dependencies, and areas of special sovereignty, or other geographic entities. There are a total of 271 separate geographic entities in The World Factbook that may be categorized as follows:

      INDEPENDENT STATES

       192 Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and

       Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The

       Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,

       Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,

       Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,

       Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,

       Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the

       Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech

       Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor,

       Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia,

       Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany,

       Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,

       Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,

       Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,

       Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,

       Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,

       Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,

       Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,

       Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco,

       Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,

      

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