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      4.3.3 Automation and Artificial Intelligence

Forrester recently said that organizations in all over the world are increasingly moving towards automation for various tasks which is used to be handled by human beings. It is bringing the change in the workforce at basic level, highlighting fears of mass job losses in the next coming decade. But this field is also improving the enterprises in better form in a several directions. Complicated and critical jobs, time-consuming jobs at factories being done by robots, keep people away from the positions which affect physical health of a worker. It has been also introduced into other areas like customer service, where so many companies are now using automated systems for responding to basic queries and complaints from the customers. Organizations are using AI for even everything ranging from security to human resources, which allow computers to handle jobs that have become expensive or redundant. Although uncertainties of automation and AI are in existence, recent reviews have proven that peoples are interested to adopt the automation and utilizing the capabilities of robots which can handle tedious tasks [18].

      4.3.4 Blockchain

      However, digital transformation is no longer a choice for businesses; it has become essential for the survival of business in the recent competitive environment. Blockchain as a new technology is likely to bring a dramatic change for business transformation in the coming decades. Blockchain technology came into the picture a few years back as a part of the bit coin revolution and at present it’s a promising technology which can transform the business in various ways. It has given impact to almost every industry and every business which requires more organized business processes. As a crypto currency effort, blockchain was initially criticized but now it is in the initial implementation phase because of its wide applicability. The total investment for the blockchain solutions worldwide is predicted to touch the figure of $11.7 billion by 2022. Banks and other financial institutions have used blockchain technology for almost everything to simplify the processes like loan applications. One of the banking group in Canada have used blockchain for providing more power to individuals so that data collected by the financial institutions can be accessed by them. A large number of industries have started research for verifying the effectiveness of this technology, and it has a great impact on supply chain. Major business leaders like Walmart in retailing and McDonalds in fast food are now using blockchain to supply materials and food.

      A well-known and one of the leading company in blockchain i.e. IBM has recently got the project of “blockchain system development” by Brazil which would be used to manage the country’s birth and death records.

      Google, Facebook, Twitter, and Amazon are some of the leading companies that have a great impact on our society and as a revolutionary innovation they have improved the actions which have changed the way of communicating with each other, way of thinking, ordering food online, or booking cabs. A large number of professional communities like scientists, developers, and researchers have contributed to the successful implementation of new technologies designed to address almost all the requirements of humans.

      4.3.5 Cloud Computing

      The recent concept of cloud computing has completely replaced the limitation of infrastructure and increased the capacity of companies whether it is small company or the bigger one. Companies need not to have the expensive IT infrastructure or not to invest for maintenance procedure. As per the survey of TechRepublic, around 70% of the companies are using cloud services or planning to use it. Businesses can move their most of the services to the cloud and can easily manage them. There is no headache for scaling up the infrastructure in case of the business expansion. The lesser prices available for cloud computing services have motivated the companies to adapt it. Hence, even smaller companies are able to access tools that were beyond the reach previously. Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google, Microsoft, and Alibaba are the biggest providers of cloud computing services in the market. As per the available models of cloud computing like Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS), cloud computing is gaining popularity and it will be one of the major elements in the next decade. According to the latest report of Forrester says that the cloud market will touch $411 billion by the year 2022. Additionally report says that the four leading vendors of cloud will produce 75% of the whole $75.4 billion cloud infrastructure market [19].

      4.3.6 Smartphones and Mobile Apps

In a current scenario, technologies are getting changed frequently and as a result one more device has been introduced in the world of technologies as a new innovation. A large number of mobile users have been increased tremendously with the launch of smartphones which connects people on to the web. Hence, the popularity of smartphones has moved to other dimension of mobile apps development which is now became the part of lives. Uber and Ola have become verbs, while food delivery apps like Zomato and Swiggy are wildly admired. Peoples are using mobile apps for managing almost all the aspect of their lives through using calendar platforms, Google search engine, workout assistants, and voice memo programs. Way of communicating with each other has also been changed through heavy usage of smartphones. Mobile apps like WhatsApp, Signal and Facebook Messenger became the first choice of billions of peoples to communicate, through sending secure messages, images, videos, and voice messages all over the world in seconds. Google Maps and other Apps have made the people capable to explore geographically and made it to impossible to get lost. People can also book railway tickets, air tickets, movie tickets or can transfer money with each other in seconds with the palm size device.

      4.3.7 4G and 5G

      Fourth generation of mobile connectivity emerged in 2000s. Fourth generation (4G) enhanced the mobile internet speeds up to 500 times faster as compared to third generation (3G) and made capable to sustain HD quality video, making video calls and improved browsing speed. Currently 4G is popular throughout the globe but the Internet of Things (IoT) is getting popularity and hence the number of devices will increase exponentially and 4G will not be able to handle such system. To handle huge number of connections will require great capacity of network. Here fifth generation (5G) comes into picture. In business transformation almost every company is moving to adapt the recent technologies for changing their business processes and hence 5G can be adapted to use other technologies like IoT, Blockchain, and cloud computing.

      4.3.8 Data Analytics

      Excessive use of soft-wares and recent technologies which includes various devices is generating a variety of data. Various Apps like WhatsApp, Signal and Facebook Messenger are also generating the variety of semi-structured/unstructured data. Youtube is also one of the examples of having huge amount of data, IoT devices and sensors are generating the variety of data as well. Our data is becoming huge and more precious day by day. But the ability to analyse those data is required which can help in businesses transformation for adapting the changes. To analyze the different varieties of data very fast and accurate there is a need of expertise who can analyze the data with the help of various tools available in the market. As a result of analysis, better decisions can be made for business transformation. It is convenient for the companies to make long-term decisions when data is accurate and that has been analysed and sorted.

      4.3.9 Social Media

Social media are commonly used in usual operations of many companies including every level of organization. It is changing the ways of communication and collaboration. Social media has changed the way of business ranging from marketing and operations to finance. Social media is used to improve relationship among employees and sharing the culture. In terms of business, it gives an opportunity to get your business popular among the people. No other technology provides the method to connect customers, employees, and others. Social networking sites and apps like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram are used for communication, sharing thoughts, photos, videos and many more. Hence they are having the huge number of users at present. All the market leaders are having their Twitter and Facebook accounts now days. Social media

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