LITMIR.BIZ

       The Basics

       Ingredients

       Baking powder

      A raising agent that is a combination of bicarbonate of soda, cream of tartar and cornstarch to absorb moisture. In conjunction with heat and moisture it reacts to form carbon dioxide which makes cakes rise. Cake mixtures made with baking powder don’t mind waiting their turn to go into the oven because of this double action. It will stay fresh for about a year but is one of those things that can linger in your cupboard for some time. Be sure to check the best before date!

       Bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)

      This is used as a raising agent when a recipe contains acid ingredients such as vinegar, yoghurt or soured cream. It relies on the chemical reaction to form carbon dioxide which will give you a light and airy cake. Because the action of bicarbonate of soda is instant, cake mixes using this should go into the oven to be baked straight away after mixing otherwise the gases will escape and the cake won’t rise as well.

       Self-raising (-rising) flour

      A wheat flour which has an added raising agent.

       Plain (all-purpose) flour

      Finely ground white flour made from wheat grain.

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      To turn plain flour into self-raising flour add 25g (1oz) baking powder to every 450g (1lb) plain flour and stir well to distribute it evenly.

       Wholemeal (whole-wheat) flour

      More nutty in flavour than white flours, wholemeal contains the wheat germ which makes it higher in fibre with a better nutritional content than white flours. It does absorb more moisture so if you’re using it in place of a white flour you should also add a little more liquid such as milk.

       Caster (superfine) sugar

      Use a caster sugar for baking. It is more finely ground and dissolves into the cake mixture more readily. Granulated sugar can often speckle the top of a cake and can lead to a more crunchy texture.

       Muscovado sugars

      Brown sugars contain molasses which gives the sugar a soft texture. Light brown sugar has less molasses than a dark sugar and a more delicate toffee type flavour. They should be stored, once opened, in an airtight container to prevent them from hardening. Some brown sugars are referred to as soft light or dark sugar. They are processed slightly differently to a genuine Muscovado sugar and are less rich in taste. They can be used in recipes specifying use of a Muscovado but the depth of flavour will be slightly lessened.

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      If brown sugar hardens place it in a small bowl. Fill another small bowl with water and place both in the microwave side by side. Microwave them on full power for 1 minute at a time until the sugar has softened.

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      Blitz granulated sugar in the food processor in short 30 second blasts until more finely ground if you run out of caster.

       Eggs

      Eggs should be used at room temperature, so if you store yours in the fridge make sure you let them come up to room temperature before using. Recipes in the book use large eggs unless otherwise stated, and yes it really does make a difference to the finished product! Large eggs typically weigh between 63g and 73g, medium eggs 53–63g, so by the time you’ve added 4 eggs to your mix the difference in liquid will make a big difference to your finished cake.

       Butter

      Butter makes cakes tender and adds colour and flavour. My recipes use a regular salted butter which avoids the need for having to add a pinch of salt. If you do want to use unsalted butter simply add ¹⁄₄ tsp salt to the cake mixture along with the flour. Butter quickly absorbs flavours so when storing it in the fridge keep it in the coldest area and away from strong-flavoured foods such as onion. Substituting butter for margarine can be done if you prefer but be aware that they often have different water contents which may slightly affect the finished cake.

       Chocolate

      When buying chocolate for baking it’s best to buy either a dark 49% cocoa solids or a 70% cook’s chocolate (specifically designed not to split and ruin your finished masterpiece).

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      To soften butter ready for baking microwave on half power in 30 second bursts until ready to use – but keep your eye on it so it doesn’t melt! Alternatively dice the butter and place into a bowl of room temperature water until sufficiently softened, and then drain the water away.

       Icing (confectioners) sugar

      A super finely ground sugar that can be used to make glazes and icings (frostings) as it dissolves very easily. Icing sugar has a tendency to be slightly lumpy so it’s always best to sift it first. Mixing icing sugar with hot, (as opposed to cold) water will also help to avoid getting any lumps!

       Cocoa powder

      A regular cocoa powder is best for baking. Dutch-processed cocoa is much more expensive and has been treated with an agent that makes it darker in appearance – but as a result it has a milder flavour than regular cocoa powder.

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      The reaction between regular cocoa powder and bicarbonate of soda in a recipe darkens the colour and gives it a smoother flavour (e.g. Ultimate Chocolate Cake).

       Vanilla extract

      This isn’t a place for skimping on quality – make sure that you’re using an extract derived from vanilla pods, and not a synthetic essence, for the best flavour.

       Vanilla bean paste

      Vanilla bean paste is brilliant stuff – it’s packed with thousands of vanilla bean seeds and means less faffing around splitting and scraping a pod.