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      The correct bibliographic citation for this manual is as follows: Cody, Ron. 2011. SAS® Statistics by Example. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

      SAS® Statistics by Example

      Copyright © 2011, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA

      ISBN 978-1-61290-012-4 (electronic book)

      ISBN 978-1-60764-800-0

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      1st printing, August 2011

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      Contents

       List of Programs

       Acknowledgments

       Chapter 1 An Introduction to SAS

       Introduction

       What is SAS

       Statistical Tasks Performed by SAS

       The Structure of SAS Programs

       SAS Data Sets

       SAS Display Manager

       Excel Workbooks

       Variable Types in SAS Data Sets

       Temporary versus Permanent SAS Data Sets

       Creating a SAS Data Set from Raw Data

       Data Values Separated by Delimiters

       Reading CSV Files

       Data Values in Fixed Columns

       Excel Files with Invalid SAS Variable Names

       Other Sources of Data

       Conclusions

       Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics – Continuous Variables

       Introduction

       Computing Descriptive Statistics Using PROC MEANS

       Descriptive Statistics Broken Down by a Classification Variable

       Computing a 95% Confidence Interval and the Standard Error

       Producing Descriptive Statistics, Histograms, and Probability Plots

       Changing the Midpoint Values on the Histogram

       Generating a Variety of Graphical Displays of Your Data

       Displaying Multiple Box Plots for Each Value of a Categorical Variable

       Conclusions

       Chapter 3 Descriptive Statistics – Categorical Variables

       Introduction

       Computing Frequency Counts and Percentages

       Computing Frequencies on a Continuous Variable

       Using Formats to Group Observations

       Histograms and Bar Charts

       Creating a Bar Chart Using PROC SGPLOT

       Using ODS to Send Output to Alternate Destinations

       Creating a Cross-Tabulation Table

       Changing the Order of Values in a Frequency Table

       Conclusions

       Chapter 4 Descriptive Statistics – Bivariate Associations

       Introduction

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