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      This publication was financially supported by the John Paul II Catholic

      University of Lublin.

      Cover Illustration : Clio, Muse of History.

      Source: Bertel Thorvaldsen, CC0, via Thorvaldsen Museum

      ISSN 2510-5353

      ISBN 978-3-631-81161-0 (Print)

      E-ISBN 978-3-631-82678-2 (E-PDF)

      E-ISBN 978-3-631-82679-9 (EPUB)

      E-ISBN 978-3-631-82680-5 (MOBI)

      DOI 10.3726/b17161

      © Peter Lang GmbH

      Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften

      Berlin 2020

      All rights reserved.

      Peter Lang – Berlin • Bern • Bruxelles • New York •

      Oxford • Warszawa • Wien

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      About the author

      Imelda Chłodna-Błach, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Chair of Philosophy of Culture and Rhetoric of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL). Her scientific interests focus upon philosophy of culture and civilization and philosophy of education. She teaches philosophy, rhetoric, and cultural studies.

      About the book

      The purpose of this book is to show the philosophical and anthropological foundation of the dispute about culture, especially in the perspective of the opposition between high and low culture. By analysing the most important achievements of Western philosophical reflection, from the Greeks and Romans through medieval scholasticism to Christian personalism, the author defends the concept of high culture and reveals its metaphysical significance for the human condition. The book also brings out the meaning of the concept of culture, shedding new light upon the long-disputed philosophical questions: who is the creator and subject of culture, what is culture in its essence, and what is its superior purpose?

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      This edition of the eBook can be cited. To enable this we have marked the start and end of a page. In cases where a word straddles a page break, the marker is placed inside the word at exactly the same position as in the physical book. This means that occasionally a word might be bifurcated by this marker.

      Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1 Classical culture – towards perfection

1. From valour to magnanimity – the way of the Greeks

1.1. THE OLD NOBILITY MODEL OF EDUCATION

1.2. DEMOCRACY – THE POPULARISATION OF THE IDEAL

1.3. PAIDÉIA DURING THE TIME OF THE ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY

1.3.1 Plato – from an ideal to an idea

1.3.1. The Sophists – paidéia for everyone

1.4. KALOKAGATHÍA AS THE CROWNING OF ALL VIRTUES

1.4.1. Plato – the philosopher as a model

1.4.2. Aristotle – towards the moral beauty

1.5. MEGALOPSYCHÍA (MAGNANIMITY) – THE CROWNING CULTURE

2. From paidéa to humanitas – the way of the Romans

2.1. CULTURE AS ANIMI CULTURA – TOWARDS HUMANITAS

2.2. THE MEETING OF CHRISTIANITY WITH THE GREEK PAIDÉIA AND THE ROMAN HUMANITAS

2.2.1. Does a Christian need paidéa?

       2.2.2. The significance and the limits of humanitas

       Chapter 2 The Christian Culture – from magnanimity to holiness

       1. Greek aporias – a human or a person?

       2. Christianity – a new concept of man

       3. Virtues and culture

       4. The meaning of the virtue of valour

       5. Magnanimity and its components

       5.1. CONFIDENCE

       5.2. HUMILITY

       6. Faults contrary to magnanimity

       6.1. PRESUMPTION

       6.2. AMBITION

       6.3. VAINGLORY

       6.4. PUSILLANIMITY

       7. Magnanimity and Other Components of Valour

       7.1. MAGNIFICENCE

       7.2. PATIENCE AND LONGANIMITY

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