On English Homophones - Bridges Robert

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witch, wych (elm).

      III. Group of Homophones caused by loss of trilled R. 6

      ion, iron.

      father, farther.

      lava, larva.

      halm, harm.

      calve, carve.

      talk, torque.

      daw, door.

      flaw, floor.

      yaw, yore.

      law, lore.

      laud, lord.

      maw, more,

      gnaw, nor.

      raw, roar.

      shaw, shore.

      IV. The name of a species (of animals, plants, &c.) is often a homophone. Where there is only one alternative meaning, this causes so little inconvenience that the following names (being in that condition) have been excluded from List I. 7

      bleak (fish), bleak (adj.).

      dace, dais.

      gull (bird), gull (s. and v.).

      carp, carp (v.).

      cod, cod (husk).

      codling, coddling (fr. coddle).

      flounder (fish), flounder (v.).

      quail (bird), quail (v.).

      lark (bird), lark (fun).

      ling (fish), ling (heather).

      mussel, muscle.

      nit, knit.

      awk, orc.

      oriole, aureole.

      pike (fish), pike (weapon).

      pout (fish), pout (v.).

      perch (fish), perch (alight).

      plaice, place.

      ray (fish), ray (of light).

      rook (bird), rook (v.).

      skua, skewer.

      skate (fish), skate (on ice).

      smelt (fish), smelt (fr. smell).

      swift (bird), swift (adj.).

      swallow (bird), swallow (throat).

      tapir, taper.

      tern, turn.

      teal (fish), teil (tree).

      thrush (bird), thrush (disease).

      V. The suffix er added to a root often makes homophones. The following are examples. (And see in List VI.)

      byre, buyer (who buys).

      butter (s.), butter (who butts).

      better (adj.), better (who bets).

      border, boarder.

      dire, dyer.

      founder (v.), founder (who founds).

      geyser, gazer.

      greater, grater (nutmeg).

      canter (pace), canter (who cants).

      medlar, meddler.

      moulder (v.), moulder (who moulds).

      pitcher (vessel), pitcher (who pitches).

      pillar, piller.

      platter, plaiter.

      plumper (adj.), plumper (s.).

      sounder (adj.), sounder (who sounds).

      cellar, seller, &c.

      VI. Words excluded from the main list for various reasons, their homophony being rightly questioned by many speakers

      actor, acta (sanctorum).

      brute, bruit.

      direst, diarist.

      descent, dissent.

      deviser, divisor.

      dual, duel.

      goffer, golfer.

      carrot, carat.

      caudle, caudal.

      choler, collar.

      compliment, complement.

      lumber, lumbar.

      lesson, lessen.

      literal, littoral.

      marshal, martial.

      minor, miner.

      manor, manner.

      medal, meddle.

      metal, mettle.

      missal, missel (thrush).

      orphan, often.

      putty, puttee.

      pedal, peddle.

      police, pelisse.

      principal, principle.

      profit, prophet.

      rigour, rigger.

      rancour, ranker.

      succour, sucker.

      sailor, sailer.

      cellar, seller.

      censor, censer.

      surplus, surplice.

      symbol, cymbal.

      skip, skep.

      tuber, tuba.

      whirl, whorl.

      wert, wort (herb, obs.).

      vial, viol.

      verdure, verger (in Jones).

      VII. Homophones due only to an inflected form of a word. Comparatives of adjectives, &c

      adze, adds.

      art (s.), art (v.).

      bard, barred.

      band, banned.

      battels, battles (bis).

      baste, based.

      baize, bays (bis).

      bent, bent (pp. bend).

      bean, been.

      blue, blew.

      bode, bowed.

      bold, bowled, bolled (obs.).

      bald, bawled.

      braid, brayed.

      bread, bred.

      brood, brewed.

      bruise, brews.

      depose, dépôts.

      divers (adj.), divers (plu.).

      dug (teat), dug (fr. dig).

      duct, ducked.

      dust, dost.

      daze, days.

      daisies, dazes (both inflected).

      doze, does (plu. of doe).

      aloud, allowed.

      fort, fought.

      found (v.), found (fr. find)

      phase, fays (pl. of fay).

      felt (stuff), felt (fr. feel)

      furze,

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Other similar words occurring in other sections are—awe, awl, ought, bawd, fought, gaud, gauze, haw, caw, cause, caught, lawn, paw, saw, sauce, sought, taut, caulk, stalk, alms, balm;—their correspondents being, oar, orle, ort (obs.), board, fort, gored, gores, hoar, core, cores, court, lorn, pore, sore, source, sort, tort, cork, stork, arms, barm.

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Other similar proper names of species, &c., which occur in some one of the other sections of the list: ant, bat, bear, bee, beet, beetle, beech, box, breeze, date, dock, daw, duck, deer, elder, erne, fir, flea, flag, fluke, hare, horse, hawk, hop, caper, carrot, couch, cricket, currant, leech, lichen, mace, maize, mint, mole, pear, peach, pink, pie, pine, plum, plane, pulse, rabbit, rye, rush, rape, rail, reed, roe, roc, rue, sage, seal, sloe, sole, spruce, stork, thyme, char, whale, whin, yew. Also cockle.