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Tavenner said, “School doesn't stop. Usually educators think ‘I get one week to do my master visioning’ in the summer and that's it.”¹⁴ That's not enough time to rethink the possibilities for an already-antiquated schooling model and view it as a true greenfield opportunity.

We dig deeper throughout the book on how to rethink schooling, but there's one final observation in Gilbert's findings worth highlighting.

In his research, an outside party wielded significant influence with each of the newspapers that moved successfully from seeing the Internet as a threat to viewing it as an opportunity and tasking an independent group to chase it. A board member, associate, or someone new to the organization would say that the newspaper must question its fundamental assumptions around what their online site and the supporting structure should look like rather than simply replicating what they already had—just online. As Gilbert wrote, “Involving outside influence when deciding how to respond to discontinuous change will increase the likelihood that managers will structurally differentiate a new venture from its parent organization.”¹⁵

In schools, that implies that school boards and the broader community have a critical role to play in giving permission to or pushing school and district leadership to create relatively independent entities that pioneer new ways of schooling—whether those arrangements are new schools, schools within schools, microschools, or learning pods. As Gilbert wrote, “Outside influence, structural differentiation, and opportunity framing [that] combine to relax routine rigidity in a new venture” were consistently critical in times of discontinuous change.¹⁶ Examples from real districts help show what that arrangement and sequencing can look like.

      Mastery School of Hawken:

       https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZ2Pk6TcQCU

      Kettle Moraine

About 30 minutes outside Milwaukee sits the Kettle Moraine School District. A suburban school district with 11 schools that serve just under 4,000 students who hail mostly from middle- and upper-income families, the district was considered relatively high-performing, with over 80 percent of graduates enrolling in postsecondary education and training each year.

      Beneath the positive results, however, there were opportunities to improve. Only 45 percent of students were completing their postsecondary programs—below the national average. With a threat identified, the district marshaled resources to address the challenge.

      The district didn't maintain the threat framing. Once it had galvanized resources, it moved to create a variety of independent environments in which to personalize learning through microschools—schools within schools in this case—of no more than 180 students. Each had its own unique spin. Kettle Moraine authorized three charter schools on its high school campus and one at one of its elementary schools to help implement a mastery-based model that personalizes learning, along with seven “houses” in its middle school.

      Within each learning environment, educators implemented comprehensive, data-rich learner profiles and customized learning paths for each student in which students' progress is contingent upon their performance. Its elementary micro charter school, for example, centers around projects. Students use the projects to demonstrate mastery of the required competencies. Another microschool at the high school level allows students to earn nursing and emergency medical technician certifications.

With a high degree of accountability in place, the innovations appear to be working.¹⁷ Results on the PISA exam, the OECD's Test for Schools, would rank the district among the top countries in the world. According to Education Week, the students in the district's traditional high school performed as well as students in Canada, Finland, and other European countries, while its students in its charter school performed in the same ballpark as that of Singapore—the second-highest-ranking country at the time—with very high engagement in the learning.¹⁸

      Kettle Moraine School District:

       https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhuTgnAz6fQ

      Microschool Movement

      Many school districts looked upon the rapid growth of microschools and learning pods during the pandemic as something akin to students signing up for the Russian School of Mathematics outside of school hours. They thought it was something certain families were doing to give their children a leg up on the other students around them. They wished these new schools would disappear.

      But some districts took a different perspective.

As Eric Gordon, the CEO of the Cleveland Municipal School District, said, “Suburban communities were forming pods on their own. Why shouldn't my kids have those benefits?”¹⁹

The district leveraged new resources by working with a variety of community organizations—the Cleveland Foundation, MyCom, Say Yes Cleveland, and United Way of Cleveland—to open 24 pods during the pandemic and serve 808 of Cleveland's most vulnerable students.²⁰

Cleveland was among the 11 percent of school districts, according to a national survey by the Clayton Christensen Institute, that operated “learning hubs” in the Spring of 2021. According to the survey, 5 percent of districts intend to continue operating pods postpandemic.²¹

The Center for Reinventing Public Education worked with TNTP, a nonprofit education consultancy, to create more in-depth partnerships with six school districts that would lead to something more lasting and transformational out of the pod movement.²²

The DeKalb County School District in Georgia, for example, is using pods to reinvent alternative schools, which serve students who have dropped out or transferred from traditional schools. Given that many alternative schools have traditionally struggled, it's a place where the district thinks pods can help make a difference.

      Edgecombe County Public Schools in North Carolina launched learning hubs during the pandemic to help students connect to online classes and receive in-person support. District leaders discovered that families valued increased flexibility around where and when learning happened, so they worked with students and teachers to design a “spoke-and-hub model.” Long-term, the district hopes this model will offer a new approach to school that builds stronger connections between school and community. In this more hybrid future of schooling, students would enroll in a brick-and-mortar or virtual school for the “hub” of their experience, and then elementary and middle school students would join “spokes”—or interest-based groups—for the other time. High school students would receive tutor-like support and work at paid positions or internships.

Guildford County Public Schools, which is also in North Carolina, is looking to craft school days in which high school students learn for three hours in person and then have more flexible time out of school to engage in a variety of activities, including completing assignments, working, or receiving tutoring or other enrichment opportunities. The district envisions this as part of a greater overhaul of their high schools that weren't serving many students effectively, even before COVID.²³

      Cleveland

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