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Spatial Analysis. Kanti V. Mardia
Читать онлайн.Название Spatial Analysis
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781118763575
Автор произведения Kanti V. Mardia
Жанр Математика
Издательство John Wiley & Sons Limited
Figure 1.5 Landsat data ( pixels): image plot.
Figure 1.6 Synthetic Landsat data: image plot.
Figure 1.7 Typical semivariogram, showing the range, nugget variance, and sill.
Figure 1.8 Angle convention for polar coordinates. Angles are measured clockwise from vertical.
Figure 1.10 Elevation data: (a) directional semivariograms and (b) omnidirectional semivariogram.
Figure 1.11 Bauxite data: (a) directional semivariograms and (b) omnidirectional semivariogram.
Figure 1.12 Directional semivariograms for (a) the Landsat data and (b) the synthetic Landsat data.
Figure 1.13 Gravimetric data: (a) bubble plot and (b) directional semivariograms.
Figure 1.14 Soil data: (a) bubble plot and (b) directional semivariograms.
Figure 1.15 Mercer–Hall wheat data: log–log plot of variance vs. block size.
Figure 2.1 Matérn covariance functions for varying index parameters. The range and scale parameters have been chosen so that the covariance functions match at lags
and .Figure 3.1 Examples of radial semivariograms: the power schemes
for and the exponential scheme . All the semivariograms have been scaled to take the same value for .Figure 3.2 A linear semivariogram with a nugget effect:
.Figure 4.1 Panels (a) and (b) illustrate the first‐order basic and full neighborhoods of the origin in the plane. Panel (c) illustrates the second‐order basic neighborhood.
Figure 4.2 Three notions of “past” of the origin in
: (a) quadrant past (), (b) lexicographic past (), and (c) weak past (). In each plot, ○ denotes the origin, denotes a site in the past, and denotes a site in the future.Figure 4.3 (a) First‐order basic neighborhood (nbhd) of the origin ○ in
dimensions. Neighbors of the origin are indicated by . (b) Two types of clique in addition to singleton cliques: horizontal and vertical edges.Figure 4.4 (a) First‐order full neighborhood (nbhd) of the origin ○ in
dimensions. Neighbors of the origin are indicated by . (b) Seven types of clique in addition to singleton cliques: horizontal and vertical edges, four shapes of triangle and a square.Figure 5.1 Bauxite data: Bubble plot and directional semivariograms.
Figure 5.2 Elevation data: Bubble plot and directional semivariograms.
Figure 5.3 Bauxite data: Profile log‐likelihoods together with 95% confidence intervals. Exponential model, no nugget effect.
Figure 5.4 Bauxite data: sample isotropic semivariogram values and fitted Matérn semivariograms with a nugget effect, for
(solid), (dashed), and (dotted).Figure 5.5 Elevation data: Profile log‐likelihoods together with 95% confidence intervals. Exponential model, no nugget effect.
Figure 5.6 Unilateral lexicographic neighborhood of full size
for lattice data; current site marked by ; neighborhood sites in the lexicographic past marked by . Other sites are marked by a dot.
Figure 5.7 Profile log‐likelihoods for self‐similar models of intrinsic order