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References 16 Trace Elements Analysis of Blood Samples and Serum Using Total Reflection X‐Ray Fluorescence 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Experimental 16.3 Sample Preparation 16.4 Applications 16.5 Conclusions References

      9  Part IV: Beginner's Guide 17 Basics and Fundamentals of X‐Rays 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Different X‐Ray Excitation Sources 17.3 X‐Ray Detectors 17.4 X‐Ray Absorption and Scattering 17.5 Quantization and Detection Limits of X‐Ray Fluorescence 17.6 Preventive Measures References 18 General Principle, Procedures and Detectors of X‐Ray Fluorescence 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Basic Principle of X‐Ray Fluorescence 18.3 Small Spot Instruments and Micro‐XRF 18.4 Different X‐Ray Optics Configurations for Elemental Imaging in 2D/3D Using μ‐XRF 18.5 Conclusion References 19 Quantitative Analysis in X‐Ray Fluorescence System 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Components for the X‐Ray Spectrometry 19.3 Analytical Methods in X‐Ray Fluorescence 19.4 Concluding Remarks References 20 Electronics and Instrumentation for X‐Ray Fluorescence 20.1 Introduction 20.2 X‐Ray Sources 20.3 Solid‐State Detectors 20.4 Silicon Drift Detector 20.5 Noise and Readout Electronics 20.6 Signal Processing 20.7 Combination with Other Techniques 20.8 Conclusions References

      10  Part V: Application to Biological Samples 21 Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Biological Materials 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Theoretical Basics of EDXRF 21.3 EDXRF Instrumentation 21.4 Quantification of EDXRF Spectra 21.5 Sampling and Sample Preparation 21.6 Case Studies Acknowledgements References 22 X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Milk and Dairy Products 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Conventional XRF 22.3 Total‐reflection X‐Ray Fluorescence Acknowledgements References 23 X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Medicinal Plants 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Issues Highlighted in Publications 23.3 XRF Specifications Used in Analysis of Medicinal Plants and Medicines 23.4 Procedures of Plant Sample Preparation 23.5 Interelement Effects, Account Ways 23.6 WDXRF Analysis of Siberian Violets 23.7 Concluding Remarks References 24 X‐Ray Fluorescence Studies of Animal and Human Cell Biology 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Applications of XRF in Cell Biology 24.3 Conclusion References 25 Toxic and Essential Elemental Studies of Human Organs Using X‐Ray Fluorescence 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Intracellular Trace Elements 25.3 Major Elements 25.4

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