Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Teeth - Adrian Becker

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11.2 Although this appears to be a unilateral case of left molar impact...Fig. 11.3 (a) Incomplete eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar, du...Fig. 11.4 A series of six panoramic views covering a nine‐year follow‐up of ...Fig. 11.5 (a) Panoramic view of a 4‐year‐old boy with an impacted first mola...Fig. 11.6 Four different cases of impaction of second molars with different ...Fig. 11.7 (a, b) A coil spring is threaded onto a sectional archwire, which ...Fig. 11.8 (a) Button attachments bonded buccally and lingually to an impacte...Fig. 11.9 Initial panoramic and periapical radiographs. (a) A second permane...Fig. 11.10 (a) The pre‐treatment intra‐oral views of the teeth in occlusion....Fig. 11.11 (a) Pre‐treatment panoramic view at age 13.2 years showing second...Fig. 11.12 The ‘banana’ maxillary third molar. (a) In the panoramic view of ...Fig. 11.13 The dental age of this patient is 14–15 years, given that the roo...Fig. 11.14 In this 18‐year‐old male patient, the banana third molars have er...Fig. 11.15 (a) Occlusal view of the mandibular dentition to show the severel...Fig. 11.16 (a) A normal occlusion of the posterior teeth is present on the r...

      12 Chapter 12Fig. 12.1 The crown of the horizontally impacted right mandibular canine is ...Fig. 12.2 (a) Panoramic view of the left mandibular canine, which has been g...Fig. 12.3 (a) Lateral cephalometric radiograph shows the canine to be comple...Fig. 12.4 (a) A transmigrated mandibular left canine had traversed the midli...Fig. 12.5 (a) A late‐developing left second premolar, horizontally oriented....Fig. 12.6 (a–c) Serial periapical views of a failed attempt to bond an edgew...Fig. 12.7 (a) The mandibular second premolar is very late developing both in...Fig. 12.8 (a) Intra‐oral views of the completed case of a 12‐year‐old child ...Fig. 12.9 (a) The pre‐treatment panoramic view of a 17‐year‐old female with ...Fig. 12.10 (a) Characteristic extreme tipping of the right permanent first m...Fig. 12.11 (a) The complex interrelations between the first permanent molar ...Fig. 12.12 Panoramic radiographic follow‐up over a 10‐year period. (a) At ag...

      13 Chapter 13Fig. 13.1 A vertically impacted second mandibular molar, prevented from erup...Fig. 13.2 A very large composite odontoma has limited the space in which the...Fig. 13.3 (a) Bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars associated with r...Fig. 13.4 (a) A section of a panoramic film showing a first permanent molar ...Fig. 13.5 (a) An 11‐year‐old boy with infra‐occluded maxillary left first pe...Fig. 13.6 (a) A section of the low‐quality panoramic film of a male 18‐year‐...Fig. 13.7 From the case illustrated in Figure 6.17. (a) Inset, early develop...Fig. 13.8 (a) Panoramic radiograph at age 10 years. The right mandibular qua...Fig. 13.9 (a) The initial panoramic radiograph of a female patient at age 16...Fig. 13.10 (a) A 3D screenshot taken from the cone beam computed tomography ...

      14 Chapter 14Fig. 14.1 (a) A dentigerous cyst surrounding the crown of the mandibular rig...Fig. 14.2 A large cyst occupies much of the right side of the maxilla. (a) T...Fig. 14.3 (a) An incomplete root canal treatment has been performed in the m...Fig. 14.4 The anterior portion of a panoramic view showing cystic enlargemen...Fig. 14.5 Two similar situations arising from different causes. (a) A radicu...Fig. 14.6 (a) Pre surgery. (b) Immediately post surgery. (c) The same view s...Fig. 14.7 Marsupializing a cyst of dental origin. The yellow dotted line rep...Fig. 14.8 (a) Dentigerous cyst radiography – the initial panoramic view show...Fig. 14.9 (a) The initial film taken in January 2007, shortly before surgica...Fig. 14.10 (a) Buccal and palatal swelling indicating a cyst (arrows), due t...

      15 Chapter 15Fig. 15.1 (a) Anterior and (b) occlusal views of a non‐vital and discoloured...Fig. 15.2 (a) Impacted right maxillary central incisor, replaced (b) by poor...Fig. 15.3 The location of the dilacerate central incisor in a 24‐year‐old pa...Fig. 15.4 Impacted maxillary right third molar, following loss of second mol...Fig. 15.5 Radiographic views of the anterior maxilla (a) in the panoramic vi...Fig. 15.6 (a) Left side of panoramic film, showing an unerupted second molar...

      16 Chapter 16Fig. 16.1 Lingual appliance (Incognito) in case of palatally impacted #13.Fig. 16.2 Space maintenance with a closed‐coil spring.Fig. 16.3 Open surgical exposure of the canine.Fig. 16.4 Small distance between palatal canine and lingual archwire.Fig. 16.5 (a) Elastic thread tied between the buccal eyelet of the impacted ...Fig. 16.6 Canine auxiliary ligated under main lingual arch and to canine eye...Fig. 16.7 Nickel–titanium archwire inserted through the palatal eyelet.Fig. 16.8 Loss of anchorage in treatment of a palatally impacted canine in a...Fig. 16.9 Elastic traction from the eyelet bonded on the palatal aspect of t...Fig. 16.10 Ballista spring tied into mini screw. (a) Passive state. (b) Acti...Fig. 16.11 Elastic traction from a secondary labial eyelet to a labially sit...Fig. 16.12 Canine moved buccally underneath the lingual archwire.Fig. 16.13 (a) Micro implant inserted at the appointment for the canine expo...Fig. 16.14 (a, b) Beta‐titanium spring in its passive mode, bonded to the im...

      17 Chapter 17Fig. 17.1 (a) Initial extra‐ and intra‐oral photographic records. (b) Pre‐tr...Fig. 17.2 (a) Pre‐treatment extra‐ and intra‐oral photographs. (b) Pre‐treat...Fig. 17.3 Root movement control and torque in the buccal/lingual direction t...Fig. 17.4 Digital sequential distalization planning to create space for the ...Fig. 17.5 Digital planning software superimposition after upper incisor proc...Fig. 17.6 (a) Digital planning software superimposition of maxillary expansi...Fig. 17.7 (a) Mesial–distal root uprighting redirection control achieved by ...Fig. 17.8 (a) Mandibular occlusal view revealed over‐retained lower right de...Fig. 17.9 Punch pliers for self‐incorporation of button cut‐outs into clear ...Fig. 17.10 (a) Pre‐treatment panoramic view. (b) Pre‐treatment 3D cone beam ...Fig. 17.11 (a) Lower occlusal view. (b) Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)...Fig. 17.12 Elastic cut‐out hook milled into the aligner. (a) Tear‐drop plier...Fig. 17.13 Mushroom‐shaped metal button bonded to the upper first molar. The...

      18 Chapter 18Fig. 18.1 (a) The pre‐treatment panoramic view of a patient whose mandibular...Fig. 18.2 A cause of incisor crowding? Fig. 18.3 A 15‐year‐old female presented with a dilacerate but erupted right...Fig. 18.4 Invasive cervical resorption. (a) Periapical radiograph of the inf...Fig. 18.5 Invasive cervical resorption. (a) Intra‐oral view at consultation....Fig. 18.6 A ‘condylar ’ third molar complete with dentigerous cyst. Courtesy...Fig. 18.7 (a–c) Panoramic, lateral cephalometric and occlusal views of a man...Fig. 18.8 (a, b) The maxillary parallel to Figure 18.7. Courtesy of Dr Monic...Fig. 18.9 (a, b) Bilateral ‘high‐flying’ maxillary canines. Courtesy of Dr P...Fig. 18.10 An ‘eye‐for‐an‐eye’ tooth. (a, b) The panoramic and lateral cepha...Fig. 18.11 (a) A severely displaced (group 4) canine crown has been brought ...Fig. 18.12 (a) Panoramic view at age 11 years showing no abnormality. (b) Pa...Fig. 18.13 Lost anchorage. (a) Following a closed surgical exposure of this ...Fig. 18.14 Inadequate vertical extrusion and iatrogenic damage. (a, b) Viewe...Fig. 18.15 Excessive vertical extrusion and iatrogenic damage. (a) The initi...Fig. 18.16 (a) The initial condition. (b) The panoramic showing the canine c...Fig. 18.17 (a) The 2006 panoramic radiograph of the early mixed dentition. (...Fig. 18.18 (a) Initial panoramic radiograph (February 2012). (b) Bracket pla...Fig. 18.19 The records of the patient taken at the time of transfer from the...Fig. 18.20 A case of mistaken identity. (a) The radiographic anterior occlus...Fig. 18.21 After three failed surgical interventions. (a) The intra‐oral pho...Fig. 18.22 (a) Intra‐oral photographs of the teeth in occlusion in a class I...

      19 Chapter 19Fig. 19.1 An 8‐year‐old female following trauma to the lower face. (a, b) Se...Fig. 19.2 (a) A fractured and intruded incisor, seen one day after acute tra...Fig. 19.3 (a) Traumatic intrusion in a special needs child at one month post...Fig. 19.4 (a, b) Intra‐oral appearance of the periodontal damage surrounding...Fig. 19.5 (a) The arrows point to the bulging root apex of the palatal‐labia...

      20 Chapter 20Fig. 20.1 The dens evaginatus. (a) Extra‐oral view of the patient’s smile. (...Fig. 20.2 (a) Intra‐oral appearance of the dentition and gingivae after succ...Fig. 20.3 (a) Pre‐treatment intra‐oral photographs of the teeth in occlusion...Fig. 20.4 (a) Intra‐oral photographs of the teeth in occlusion. The over‐ret...Fig. 20.5 (a) Intra‐oral photographs transferred with the patient to the aut...Fig. 20.6 (a) Intra‐oral views of the teeth in occlusion at the start of ort...Fig. 20.7 (a) Initial panoramic view of the dentition at the commencement of...Fig. 20.8 (a) Intra‐oral views of the considerable expansion of the maxilla ...

      21 Chapter

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