Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Teeth - Adrian Becker

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target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_6bebb776-152b-57ca-83e7-1ca6bbbc0717">Fig. 1.4 Root apices are closed in all first molars, all mandibular and thre...Fig. 1.5 No closed apices. Dental age assessment 7–7.5 years.Fig. 1.6 Late‐developing second mandibular premolars with retained (not over...Fig. 1.7 The left mandibular premolars are prematurely erupted, with insuffi...Fig. 1.8 Space loss in a 10‐year‐old child, due to an impacted maxillary rig...Fig. 1.9 (a) Chance finding of mesiodens in a 4‐year‐old child. (b) Chance f...Fig. 1.10 An 8‐year‐old child exhibits an unerupted maxillary left central i...

      2 Chapter 2Fig. 2.1 Lasso wire encircling the neck of an impacted canine (circa 1971)....Fig. 2.2 Threaded pins set into prepared holes, drilled and tapped into the ...Fig. 2.3 As the impacted tooth is about to erupt, the high‐profile Siamese e...Fig. 2.4 Eyelets welded to a pliable band material base, backed by steel mes...Fig. 2.5 A direct tie using a very short length of elastic thread.Fig. 2.6 (a) The slingshot elastic. A palatally impacted canine has erupted ...Fig. 2.7 (a, b) The use of nickel–titanium auxiliary wire as the active elem...Fig. 2.8 An indirect anchorage system. (a) Extra‐oral view to show tipped oc...Fig. 2.9 Zygomatic plate. (a) An onplant plate. (b) The plate is held in plac...Fig. 2.10 The bonded magnet ‘backpack’.

      3 Chapter 3Fig. 3.1 (a) Buccal cantilever for extruding a canine. In practice, an eyele...Fig. 3.2 (a) The passive cantilever, made of rectangular wire, extends from ...Fig. 3.3 (a) For illustration purposes only, a combination of the beta‐titan...Fig. 3.4 (a) The biomechanical force system generated by a cantilever is a c...Fig. 3.5 (a, b) Ballista spring. The active configuration may differ in vert...Fig. 3.6 (a, b) Using an elastomeric chain is relatively simple and cost‐eff...Fig. 3.7 (a) Short vertical elastics exhibit a greater vertical component of...Fig. 3.8 (a) Sliding mechanics with a NiTi open‐coil spring threaded over a ...Fig. 3.9 (a) When aligning a high canine using a continuous and fully engage...Fig. 3.10 (a–c) Changing the position of the V bend will create totally diff...Fig. 3.11 (a) The passive configuration of the alpha–beta spring has to be m...Fig. 3.12 (a, b) A 0.016 in. main arch is combined with a 0.016 in. von der ...Fig. 3.13 When inverting a left upper canine bracket, it has to be kept in t...Fig. 3.14 The use of a Correx tension gauge is recommended to measure/contro...Fig. 3.15 Khouri Bendistal pliers are reliable tools for bending wire ends a...Fig. 3.16 The Sander Memory Maker allows NiTi wire adjustments in all planes...

      4 Chapter 4Fig. 4.1 The angle of the central ray in a true occlusal view of the lower j...Fig. 4.2 A diagram showing incisor inclination, receptor position and centra...Fig. 4.3 (a) The periapical view shows an impacted left maxillary central in...Fig. 4.4 The left periapical view, oriented for the central incisors, shows ...Fig. 4.5 A diagrammatic representation of the parallax method. If the observ...Fig. 4.6 The vertical tube shift method using a panoramic radiograph and per...Fig. 4.7 The lateral tube shift method using a panoramic radiograph and a la...Fig. 4.8 The enlarged premaxillary segment of a panoramic radiograph showing...Fig. 4.9 On the dry skull, the roots of the maxillary incisor teeth can be s...Fig. 4.10 (a) The true lateral cephalometric radiograph shows both canines s...Fig. 4.11 The true lateral and true occlusal views, taken together, provide ...Fig. 4.12 A dilacerated central incisor (arrow) seen in a lateral cephalomet...Fig. 4.13 Bone peeling in 3D. (a–d) Progressive bone peeling and how it may ...Fig. 4.14 A view of the multi‐planar reconstruction screen for Case 1, as pr...Fig. 4.15 Automatic segmentation, artificial intelligence (AI) driven. The s...Fig. 4.16 Diagnosing resorption, cross‐sections. The lateral incisor #12(7) ...Fig. 4.17 Diagnosing resorption with multi‐planar reconstruction. The long a...Fig. 4.18 Diagnosing resorption with multi‐planar reconstruction (MPR). The ...Fig. 4.19 Multi‐planar reconstruction for an incisor that is almost horizont...Fig. 4.20 First mandibular molar embracing inferior dental canal. (a) 3D bon...Fig. 4.21 Multi‐planar reconstruction view. Arrows indicate the invasive cer...

      5 Chapter 5Fig. 5.1 (a) A 16‐year‐old female exhibits an unerupted maxillary left canin...Fig. 5.2 (a) Soft tissue impaction of maxillary central incisors. (b) Apical...Fig. 5.3 Following exposure, attachment bonding and packing the unerupted to...Fig. 5.4 (a) A high buccal canine exposed by circular incision in the

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