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In a study on the interactive effects of exotic plants and aridity, Cubino et al. (2021) observed that exotic plants showed better growth (height and leaf size) and responses under the warmer and drier regions, whereas poor responses under cooler and wetter regions as compared to the co‐occurring native plants. This further indicates the chances of the spread of invasive species in the newly warmer and drier regions mediated by the changing climate and UHI effects. Thus, there is a need to consider the interactive effects of climatic variability and invasion to know the future plant community structure and composition in different regions of the world (Cubino et al. 2021).

      In the next sections, results of bibliometric analysis performed for the urban ecology‐climate change nexus have been presented, followed by the emerging features of urban ecology for the climate change mitigation.

1.4 Bibliometric Analysis for Urban Ecology and Climate Change Nexus

In order to observe the trends in research on the topics concerned with urban ecology and climate change during the past two decades (2001–2021), a bibliometric analysis was performed on 13 June 2021, using different search queries in the Scopus database (Singh et al. 2021). The search query was (TITLE‐ABS‐KEY (‘urban ecology’ AND ‘climate change’) AND PUBYEAR >1999. The query results in a total number of 137 documents published during the past two decades (from 2001 to the present, 13 June 2021). The year‐wise growth of the research on the topic of urban ecology and climate change was considered along with country‐specific research outputs. Further, institute‐wise, research area‐wise, author‐wise, and publication type‐wise distribution of research on the topic were also analysed. Though we searched from 2000 onwards, but we found that the researches are being published on this topic since 2004. Starting with merely one paper on the topic in the year 2004, the year 2020 observed a total number of 13 documents published within a single year (Figure 1.1a). Interestingly, a total of 13 papers have already been published on the topic in the year 2021 till 13 June only. This signifies the relevance of the topic and the increasing research attention in the current scenarios. The United States was the largest contributor of the papers under the country/territory‐wise publication category with 47 documents. The United Kingdom and China ranked second and third by producing 17 and 16 papers each, while India stood at eighth rank with five papers published during the same period (Table 1.1). These observations revealed that there is an ample scope for research on urban ecology‐climate change nexus in the developing countries which are expected to make a surge in urban population growth in the near future. Based on the Scopus data 2021, among the research institutes and universities globally, Arizona State University produced the maximum number of papers (8), followed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) with six papers published during the last two decades (Table 1.1).

Figure 1.1 Bibliometric analysis results showing (a) year‐wise publication growth, (b) subject area‐wise distribution, and (c) article type‐wise publications for the search query ‘urban ecology AND climate change’.

      Source: Data from Scopus database (2021).

Table 1.1 Bibliometric analysis results showing top 20 countries, top 10 research institutes/affiliations, top 20 authors, and top 10 research journal for the search query ‘urban ecology AND climate change’.

      Source: Data from Scopus database (2021).

Source category	No. of publications	Source category	No. of publications
Country‐wise		Country‐wise
United States	47	Belgium	3
United Kingdom	17	Brazil	3
China	16	Chile	3
Australia	14	Colombia	3
Germany	11	Finland	3
New Zealand	6	Iran	3
Denmark	5	Sweden	3
India	5	Switzerland	3
Netherlands	5	Austria	2
Canada	4	Bulgaria	2
Affiliation‐wise		Affiliation‐wise
Arizona State University	8	Research Centre for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences	4
Chinese Academy of Sciences	6	Helmholtz ZentrumfürUmweltforschung	4
KøbenhavnsUniversitet	5	University of Melbourne	4
NC State University	4	Humboldt‐Universitätzu Berlin	3
University of Salford	4	Victoria University of Wellington	3
Author name‐wise		Author name‐wise
Wu, J.	4	Gaston, K.J.	2
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