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Each of the four squares of a two-by-two checkerboard is randomly colored red or black. Find the probability that at least one of the two columns of the checkerboard is all red.

      21 1.51 Given events and , show that the probability that exactly one of the events occurs equals

      22 1.52 Given events , show that the probability that exactly one of the events occurs equals

      Simulation and R

      1 1.53 Modify the code in the R script CoinFlip.R to simulate the probability of getting exactly one head in four coin tosses.

      2 1.54 Modify the code in the R script Divisible356.R to simulate the probability that a random integer between 1 and 5000 is divisible by 4, 7, or 10. Compare with your answer in Exercise 49.

      3 1.55 Use R to simulate the probability of two rolled dice having values that sum to 8.

      4 1.56 Explain what reproducibility means to you in a few sentences.

      5 1.57 Use R to simulate the probability in Exercise 1.41 part c.

      6 1.58 Use R to simulate the probability in Exercise 1.42.

      7 1.59 Make up your own random experiment and write an R script to simulate it. Be sure your results are reproducible.

      8 1.60 See the help file for the sample command (type ?sample ). Write a function dice() for generating throws of a fair die. Use your function and R's sum function to generate the sum of two dice throws.

      Chapter Review

      Chapter review exercises are available through the text website. The URL is www.wiley.com/go/wagaman/probability2e .

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