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(IoT), renewable energy, finance and electricity markets, engineering optimization, smart cities, space-time design, quantum computation and physics, social sciences, etc., essential for any further advancement; but scientific design and research and invention through AI, OR, big data, mathematical data science and inverse problems also should not be neglected. Indeed, this book strives to contribute to all of them actively and proactively, creatively and responsibly.

The rise and emerging success of novel networking and mathematics-supported instruments, devices and technologies, such as 5G networks, social media, IoT networks, etc., have attracted a remarkable amount of attention from academia as well as industry professionals looking to utilize these technologies for efficient communication and enhanced welfare and quality purposes. This handbook proposes, discusses and elaborates the exciting applications of AI, OR, big data, mathematical data science and inverse problems in IoT and many other networks, along with intelligent strategies to protect them against security attacks and crime, abuse and fraud. Future world citizens are going to face an increasing number of developmental and sustainability challenges, as well as epidemiological, environmental and illiberality issues. Therefore, they need to be better prepared for energy and spiritual state transitions and sustainable, healthy and freedom-ensuring economic and social developments in order to live and collaborate in the smart and life-friendly world of tomorrow. Paradigms of a smart city, a clean environment and a caring society include and integrate the employment of intelligent computing and information management, smart and mathematics-supported networking methods and instruments to aid in improving the quality of life and reducing various costs. Advances in paradigms of AI, OR, big data, mathematical data science and inverse problems highlight the necessity of systems that aim at enhancing qualities and quantities for humanity’s security and joy of living.

      For fulfilling its goals of serving all of us and also future generations, this handbook incorporates the newest achievements from mathematics and computer science, electrical and electronics engineering, neuroscience and cognitive sciences, medicine and social sciences, from creation torecreation. Respect and responsibility for the life and dignity of every human and creature are of premium importance. For these reasons, an edited collection of interesting and exciting research is proposed and introduced, prepared and worked out, and successfully completed in the chapters of this book.

      Classical and heuristic, nature-inspired as well as holistic optimization methodologies have become increasingly popular and accepted as core technologies in all research fields of engineering and science design and technology, in practice and as a solution to the immense worldwide challenge of fostering individual and community fulfillment in an exceptional manner to prepare for a better future. The present and continuing trends which can be witnessed in applications of science in classical and emerging methodologies and instruments are continuing to grow and shift into the fields of economics and finance, healthcare and medicine, recreation and holiday industries, landscape use and space-time use and their protection all around the world. Collected in this new monograph and compendium are many fascinating, highly refined, high-quality chapters chosen from among a broad variety of research, design, development and application topics and fields. Wellestablished and quite novel techniques of classical and heuristic, life-inspired and spacetime-hosted optimization have been used to analyze, treat and solve some truly complex problems in the fields of modern management, business, industry, finance, academia, and future applications.

This handbook welcomed the proposals and elaborations made by authors from business, management, industries and economic institutions, and from social, environmental and developmental sciences, resulting in first-rate chapters from the research fields of mathematics and statistics, data science and analytics, machine learning, AI and OR, information and computer technologies associated with our fields of application and practice. The chapters herein reflect and offer new results, contributions and products in the current and growing body of insights and state-of-the-art knowledge to address problems affecting the underlying areas of human life, including exchange of information, matter and means of all states of trade and improvements in education, leisure, culture, freedom, empathy and peace. Hopefully this handbook will become an aid to investigators and researchers, designers and scientists, decision-makers and managers, supervisors and executives, medical doctors and patients, producers and consumers, employers and employees, travelers and tourists, hoteliers and agents, directors and financiers, artists and participants, reflectors and servants to humanity and anybody curious about and interested in past, present and future times and lives.

      To all the respected authors of this amazingly high number of valuable 41 chapters, I convey my compliments and gratitude for having shared their care and foresight, enthusiasm and dedication, knowledge and assessment, wisdom and vision with our scientific and applied communities, and with humankind. I express my thanks to the publishing house Wiley-Scrivener Publishing, USA, and to the editors, Dr. Mukhdeep Singh Manshahia (Punjabi University, Patiala. Punjab, India), Dr. Valeriy Kharchenko (Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Russia), Dr. Elias Munapo (Department of Statistics & Operations Research, NWUMafikeng Campus, South Africa), Dr. J. Joshua Thomas (UOW Malaysia, KDU Penang University College, Malaysia), and Dr. Pandian Vasant (University Technology Petronas, Malaysia), for having provided, maintained and developed this chance for many experts to make public and popular the best parts of their achievements, contributions, works and even lifework. To all of them I express my thankfulness for having spent so much care to guarantee a premium compendium and monograph of a highly academic, practical and impactful socially significant and paradigm-shifting offer to our world, our times and lives.

      Now, what is left for me is to wish you all a lot of pleasure, interest and joy when browsing through, inquiring deeply, getting inspired and richly benefitting from this enriching handbook. Yes, very much I hope that its blessings will be great for you and us all, personally and societally, and continue to remain with humankind and all of creation.

      Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

      Preface

      The editors are immensely gratified to introduce this Handbook of Intelligent Computing and Optimization for Sustainable Development, with the intent of compiling information that advances sustainability as a fundamental factor for intelligent computing and optimization.

      Intelligent and smart technologies are at the forefront of technological advances that represent potential transformations in smart living. These technologies and their applications are already rapidly impacting many industries and occupations. With applications in a number of fields such as the Internet of Things (IoT), optimization, renewable energy, manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare and smart cities, research on the developments of artificial intelligence is essential for sustainable development. The recent rise of emerging networking technologies such as 5G networks, social networks, IoT networks, etc., have attracted significant attention from academia as well as industry professionals looking to utilize these technologies for efficient communication purposes. Future citizens of the world will face increasing sustainability issues and need to be better prepared for energy transformation and sustainable future economic development in a smart world. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) paradigms and smart informatics systems domains highlight the need for systems that aim to improve the quality and security of human life; therefore, this book discusses applications of artificial intelligence in sustainable development.

      Recently, optimization has also received enormous attention along with the rapidly increasing use of communication technology and development of user-friendly software and artificial intelligence. In almost all human activities, there is a desire to deliver the highest possible results with the least amount of effort. Moreover, optimization is a very well-known area with a vast number of applications, from route finding problems to medical treatment, construction, finance, accounting, engineering and maintenance schedules in plants. As far as optimization of real-world problems is concerned, understanding the nature of the problem and grouping it in a proper class may help the designer employ proper techniques which can solve the problem efficiently. Many intelligent optimization techniques can find

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