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      1 ^*Corresponding author: [email protected]

      2 ^†Corresponding author: [email protected]

      2

      Ring Trading to Algo Trading—A Paradigm Shift Made Possible by Artificial Intelligence

       Aditi R. Khandelwal

       IIS Deemed to be University, Jaipur, India

       Abstract

      This chapter explains a framework which shows the transformations which took place in Indian stock markets and their working. Several year’s back the stock exchanges were physical places bussing with people and where everything used to happen manually by humans. The trades were executed by a process referred to as open outcry. Clients had to wait till the next day to see the high low prices of shares in the newspaper. The participation in stock market was low and selective.

      Then came the time when a boom in stock market came and people at large started investing with the coming up of brokers cum investor like Harshad Mehta but sadly now we remember him as a fraud. The stock market also saw a change in the working of exchanges. Systems started becoming computerized and one fine day everything shifted to internet-computer based systems called online trading. The latest scenario is where highly sophisticated computer based programmes called as Algorithmic trades came into force. These are trades which are totally human less and thus help in normalizing the trading, too high or too low is detected and stopped by auto cut off modes.

      Keywords: Stock market, ring trading, open outcry, settlement cycle, depository, algorithmic trade, stock exchange

2.1 Introduction

      Stock markets

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