Step-by-Step Design of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants - Houshang Karimi

Скачать книгу

method for determining the cable size of a PV plant is presented in [21]. In [22], few topologies for the monitoring system of a PV plant are examined. The design of distribution transformers for a PV plant based on harmonic specifications is discussed in [23]. The protection system of a PV plant is discussed in [24, 25], and the grounding system design is presented in [26].

      In Chapter 2, a review of the design requirements of a LS‐PVPP is presented and various equipment of the plant is introduced. In Chapter 3, first the key points and general definitions of feasibility studies of a PV plant are introduced. Then, the criteria and requirements of a feasibility study report for a large‐scale PV plant are presented.

      In Chapter 4, the network connection studies of a PV power plant are discussed and the main parts of the network connection studies and its requirements are described. The single‐line diagram of a sample PV plant is presented in detail. The PV plant is modeled in software, and load distribution analyzes, emergency situations, single‐phase and three‐phase short circuits, power quality, and stability are examined and evaluated.

      In Chapter 5, first, the generalities related to solar sources, geometry, and radiation are presented. Then, a method to calculate the solar‐related parameters such as total annual radiation per surface, azimuth angle, altitude angle, tilt angle and orientation, shadow distances, and row spacing is introduced.

      The design of the DC side of a large‐scale PV plant is presented in Chapter 7. The main equipment that should be determined in the DC side is introduced. The technical specifications and technologies of PV modules and solar inverters are also discussed. It is explained how to determine the PV string size, the inverter operating range, the number of inverters, the size of DC cable, and the type of fuse, surge arrester, and DC switch.

      Chapter 8 introduces the power losses related to a PV plant and the parameters affecting the equipment’s losses. Moreover, the performance ratio, the monthly and annual output energy productions of a PV plant are discussed.

      1 1 Twidell, J. and Weir, T. (2015). Renewable Energy Resources. Routledge.

      2 2 Dincer, I. and Abu‐Rayash, A. (2019). Energy Sustainability, 75. Academic Press.

      3 3 González‐Roubaud, E., Pérez‐Osorio, D., and Prieto, C. (2017). Review of commercial thermal energy storage in concentrated solar power plants: steam vs. molten salts. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 80: 133–148.

      4 4 Vázquez, N. and Vázquez, J. (2018). Photovoltaic system conversion. In: Power Electronics Handbook (ed. M.H. Rashid), 767–781. Butterworth‐Heinemann.

      5 5 Kalogirou, S.A. (2013). Solar Energy Engineering: Processes and Systems. Academic Press.

      6 6 Goodrich, A., James, T., and Woodhouse, M. (2012). Residential, commercial, and utility‐scale photovoltaic (PV) system prices in the United States: current drivers and cost‐reduction opportunities (No. NREL/TP‐6A20‐53347). National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO.

      7 7 Jung, D., Salmon, A., and Gese, P. (2021). Agrivoltaics for farmers with shadow and electricity demand: results of a pre‐feasibility study under net billing in Central Chile. AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2361, No. 1, p. 030001). AIP Publishing LLC.

      8 8 Rakhshani, E., Rouzbehi, K., Sánchez, A. et al. (2019). Integration of large scale PV‐based generation into power systems: a survey. Energies 12 (8): 1425.

      9 9 Feldman, D., Ramasamy, V., Fu, R. et al. (2021). US solar photovoltaic system and energy storage cost benchmark: Q1 2020 (No. NREL/TP‐6A20‐77324). National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO.

      10 10 IEA. Global solar PV and coal‐fired installed capacity by scenario (2010‐2030). IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/data‐and‐statistics/charts/global‐solar‐pv‐and‐coal‐fired‐installed‐capacity‐by‐scenario‐2010‐2030 (accessed 12 October 2020)

      11 11 Fahrenbruch, A. and Bube, R. (2012). Fundamentals of Solar Cells: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion. Elsevier.

      12 12 White, S. (2018). Solar Photovoltaic Basics: A Study Guide for the NABCEP Associate Exam. Routledge.

      13 13 Saracoglu, B.O., Ohunakin, O.S., Adelekan, D.S. et al. (2018). A framework for selecting the location of very large photovoltaic solar power plants on a global/supergrid. Energy Reports 4: 586–602.

      14 14 Cabrera Tobar, A.K. (2018). Large scale photovoltaic power plants: configuration, integration and control. Doctoral thesis. Electrical Engineering Department, Universitat Politecnica de `Catalunya, Barcelona‐Spain.

      15 15 Markvart, T. and McEvoy, A. (eds.) (2003). Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics: Fundamentals and Applications. Elsevier.

      16 16 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie (DGS) (2013). Planning and Installing Photovoltaic Systems: A Guide for Installers, Architects and Engineers. Routledge.

      17 17 Al‐Najideen, M.I. and Alrwashdeh, S.S. (2017). Design of a solar photovoltaic system to cover the electricity demand for the faculty of Engineering‐Mu'tah University in Jordan. Resource‐Efficient Technologies 3 (4): 440–445.

      18 18 Moh'd Sami, S.A., Kaylani, H., and Abdallah, A. (2013). PV solar system feasibility study. Energy Conversion and Management 65: 777–782.

      19 19 Rachchh, R., Kumar, M., and Tripathi, B. (2016). Solar photovoltaic system design optimization by shading analysis to maximize energy generation from limited urban area. Energy Conversion and Management 115: 244–252.

      20 20 Zidane, T.E.K., Zali, S.M., Adzman, M.R. et al. (2021). PV array and inverter optimum sizing for grid‐connected photovoltaic power plants using optimization design. Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1878, No. 1, p. 012015). IOP Publishing.

      21 21 Mosheer, A.D. and Gan, C.K. (2015). Optimal solar cable selection for photovoltaic systems. International Journal of Renewable Energy Resources 5 (2): 28–37.

      22 22 Ansari, S., Ayob, A., Lipu, M.S.H. et al. (2021). A review of monitoring technologies for solar PV systems using data processing modules and transmission protocols: progress, challenges and prospects. Sustainability 13 (15): 8120.

      23 23 Macías Ruiz, I.R., Trujillo Guajardo, L.A., Rodríguez Alfaro, L.H. et al. (2021). Design implication of a distribution transformer in solar power plants based on its harmonic profile. Energies 14 (5): 1362.

      24 24 Christodoulou, C.A., Ekonomou, L., Gonos, I.F., and Papanikolaou, N.P. (2016). Lightning protection of PV systems. Energy Systems 7 (3): 469–482.

      25 25 Salman, S., Xin, A., Masood, A. et al. (2018). Design and implementation of surge protective device for solar panels. 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.

      26 26 Nassereddine, M., Ali, K., and Nohra, C. (2020). Photovoltaic solar farm: earthing system design for cost reduction and system compliance. International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering 10 (3): 2884–2893.

Скачать книгу