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settings of volt–...Figure 7.29 Visual representation of international settings of volt–var func...Figure 7.30 Analysis of volt–watt settings (a) voltage and (b) active power....Figure 7.31 Analysis of volt–var settings (a) voltage, (b) reactive power, a...Figure 7.32 Analysis of watt–PF settings (a) voltage, (b) reactive power, an...Figure 7.33 Analysis of fixed power factor settings.Figure 7.34 Baseline hosting capacity analysis process applied separately fo...Figure 7.35 Comparison of watt and var priority for a specific setting on a ...Figure 7.36 Volt–var with var priority curves that achieved a 25% increase i...Figure 7.37 Distribution circuit of Porterville, CA [47].Figure 7.38 PV system POI voltage and reactive power exchange on 23 November...Figure 7.39 Start of the circuit current magnitude in Phase A and reactive p...Figure 7.40 Daily behavior of smart PV inverter with Q (V) and P (V) functio...Figure 7.41 Demonstration of volt–var control on a 1.1 MW PV system on a sun...Figure 7.42 Demonstration of volt–var control on a 1.1 MW PV system on a clo...

      8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 MV grid based on the CIGRE MV benchmark grid. (a) results of the ...Figure 8.2 Voltage variations dV caused by all PV systems. (a) at node T1, (...Figure 8.3 Study feeder system.Figure 8.4 Different volt–var curves considered for smart PV inverters.Figure 8.5 LTC tap operations during a clear day (left) and variable day (ri...Figure 8.6 Control scheme of power factor and output power of smart inverter...Figure 8.7 Profiles of active power generation and bus voltage of test PV fa...Figure 8.8 Profiles of active power generation, reactive power compensation,...Figure 8.9 SVC interaction analysis network.Figure 8.10 A proposed Hydro‐Quebec summertime study system with shunt compe...Figure 8.11 SVC transient behavior in La Verendrye system due to “snapshot” ...Figure 8.12 The effect of the SVC response rate on system eigenvalues in La ...Figure 8.13 (a) Simplified grid‐connected model of the smart PV inverter, (b...Figure 8.14 Single smart inverter connected to a simple network.Figure 8.15 Distribution line with two smart PV inverters.Figure 8.16 Normal operation of two PV inverters with volt–var control. (a) ...Figure 8.17 Control interaction between two smart inverters with different v...Figure 8.18 Voltage control through volt–var function.Figure 8.19 (a) Volt–var function for base case, (b) volt–var function for c...Figure 8.20 Voltage response of both inverters with K_P = 0.3 and K_I = 3.0, v...Figure 8.21 Voltage response of both inverters with slope of volt–var curve ...Figure 8.22 Different volt–var characteristics implemented on PV systems....Figure 8.23 Bus voltage and reactive power output of a PV system, without va...Figure 8.24 Bus voltage and reactive power output of the PV system, with var...Figure 8.25 Study system for smart PV inverter controller interactions.Figure 8.26 Control system of the smart PV inverters.Figure 8.27 DER inverter connected to infinite bus.Figure 8.28 Volt–var function (a) and volt–watt function (b) operative in th...Figure 8.29 Time‐domain response of voltage E_k at the point of connection of...Figure 8.30 Single line diagram of study system.Figure 8.31 Block diagram of the volt–var control in the PV plant connected ...Figure 8.32 Typical volt–var curve of a smart inverter.Figure 8.33 Structure of a volt–var controller.Figure 8.34 Variation of dominant poles in (σ + jω) plane, for var...Figure 8.35 Variation of dominant poles in (σ + jω) plane, for var...Figure 8.36 Reactive power output (Q) of both PV plants for delays of: (a) 0...Figure 8.37 Reactive power output (Q) of both PV plants for response time of...Figure 8.38 Study system: DFIG‐based wind farm and solar PV farm connected t...Figure 8.39 Subsynchronous damping controller (SSDC) of DFIG converter.Figure 8.40 Control system of PV‐STATCOM.Figure 8.41 System response without subsynchronous damping controllers. (a) ...Figure 8.42 Performance of uncoordinated SSDCs of PV‐STATCOM and DFIG: (a) l...Figure 8.43 DFIG and PV system responses with coordinated SSDCs of PV‐STATCO...Figure 8.44 Performance of coordinated SSDCs of PV‐STATCOM and DFIG: (a) lin...

      9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Low voltage feeder network in Danish island.Figure 9.2 Smart inverter functions implemented on the PV inverters.Figure 9.3 Real power that can be injected by PV systems without violating o...Figure 9.4 The ESS need for overvoltage prevention in the conditions of 50%,...Figure 9.5 Test feeder with PV‐storage integrated systems in Australia.Figure 9.6 (a) Voltage fluctuation at household HH28 with and without the pr...Figure 9.7 Study system.Figure 9.8 Reactive power control capability of PV inverters.Figure 9.9 Active power output and reactive power capability of a solar PV f...Figure 9.10 Active power output and reactive power capability of a BESS for ...Figure 9.11 Active power output and reactive power capability of an EV for a...Figure 9.12 Active power output and reactive power capability of combination...Figure 9.13 FFR test during high PV power production with 10% curtailment....Figure 9.14 Morning AGC test results.Figure 9.15 Midday AGC test results.Figure 9.16 Droop response of PV plant during an underfrequency event.Figure 9.17 Droop response of PV plant during an over frequency event.Figure 9.18 Power factor control tests in both leading and lagging mode.Figure 9.19 Reactive power control test results.Figure 9.20 Reactive power production test at no active power (P ≈ 0 MW)....Figure 9.21 Schematic diagram of the study system at Bluewater Power Distrib...Figure 9.22 (a) Field implementation of PV‐STATCOM at Bluewater Power Distri...Figure 9.23 Response of the conventional PV inverter for large load switchin...Figure 9.24 Response of the PV‐STATCOM for large load switching during dayti...Figure 9.25 Response of the conventional PV inverter for large load switchin...Figure 9.26 Response of the PV‐STATCOM for large load switching during night...

      Guide

      1  COVER PAGE

      2  SERIES PAGE

      3  TITLE PAGE

      4  COPYRIGHT PAGE

      5  DEDICATION PAGE

      6  ABOUT THE AUTHOR

      7  FOREWORD

      8  PREFACE

      9  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      10  LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

      11  TABLE OF CONTENTS

      12  BEGIN READING

      13  INDEX

      14  WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

      Pages

      1  ii

      2  iii

      3  iv

      4  v

      5  xxiii

      6 xxiv

      7  xxv

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