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      © 2019 Asian Development Bank

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      Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444

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      Some rights reserved. Published in 2019.

      ISBN 978-92-9261-400-3 (print), 978-92-9261-401-0 (electronic)

      Publication Stock No. TCS189628-2

      DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS189628-2

      The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

      ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

      By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

      This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisions and terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess.

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      Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.

      Notes:

      In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars.

      ADB recognizes “Calcutta” as Kolkata.

      Cover photo: A woman holds her ownership title of an apartment in one of the residential buildings (in background) built by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation through the Asian Development Bank project. (This photo and all others are by Amit Verma, unless otherwise specified.)

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      This publication was led, edited, and cowritten by Neeta Pokhrel, principal urban development specialist of the South Asia Department of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The other cowriters and contributors of this book are many, including the past project officers of ADB who were involved in implementing the first and second phases of ADB’s partnership with the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) in 2000–2013 before Neeta became the project officer. The KMC officials from the project management unit of the Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program (KEIIP) guided, contributed, and helped structure the report, with support from their consultants and contractors. Project beneficiaries shared their stories generously.

      We sincerely appreciate the present and past mayors of Kolkata City whose leadership and vision has made this partnership and its success possible. We also thank KMC Commissioner Khalil Ahmed for his valuable contribution to the publication.

      ADB’s South Asia Department Director General Hun Kim, former Director Sekhar Bonu of South Asia Urban and Water, and Country Director Kenichi Yokoyama of the India Resident Mission provided constant guidance, directives, and support.

      This publication would not have taken shape without the effort of the following writers, editors, photographers, and designers: Phillip Day, Melissa Howell Alipalo, Kate Pigott, Usha Tankha, Amit Verma, Cleone Baradas, Gino Pascua, and Judy Yñiguez. We extend our sincere appreciation to them.

       BOOK PREPARATION CORE TEAM

      Neeta Pokhrel, Principal Urban Development Specialist and team leader, Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program

      South Asia Urban Development and Water Division (SAUW), Asian Development Bank (ADB)

      Sourav Majumder, Senior Project Officer (Urban), and co-team leader, India Resident Mission, ADB

      Luca Di Mario, Urban Development Specialist, SAUW, ADB

      Pramod Kumar, Project Analyst, India Resident Mission, ADB

      Bebedel Fabe, Project Officer, SAUW, ADB

      Cielo Añon, Operations Assistant, SAUW, ADB

      Elvie Jane Fernandez, Operations Assistant, SAUW, ADB

       CONTRIBUTING WRITERS

      Phillip Day

      Melissa Howell Alipalo

      Usha Tankha

       EDITORS

      Phillip Day

      Kate Pigott

       PEER REVIEWER

      Tomoo Ueda, Principal Evaluation Specialist,

      Independent Evaluation Department, ADB

       PHOTOGRAPHER

      Amit Verma (unless otherwise cited)

       DESIGNERS

      Cleone Baradas

      Gino Pascua

      Judy Yñiguez

      FROM THE MAYOR’S DESK

      Covering over 5 million permanent residents and another 6 million estimated floating population, the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) has continued to serve the citizens of Kolkata. Even though it has done a commendable job in the past, there is a lot of scope for improvement and perfection. It’s time that we start dreaming big for the city. A

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