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visiting, articulate, late nineteenth century world’ that surrounded her parents in their house in Kensington and the rapturous remove of their family idyll in St Ives in Cornwall, which formed the hallowed mine for so much of her most tender writing, Woolf describes an origin of engrained, almost synthetic, watchfulness: ‘the feeling of lying in a grape and seeing through a film of semi-transparent yellow’. Orlando shares this sensitivity; his existential connection to the changing seasons of each century is remarkable. He suffers from glooms that last seven days following deep crises. By the time she was in her mid-twenties, Woolf had experienced the trauma of serial bereavement and had been institutionalised following the onset of what was to become a pattern of nervous collapses throughout her life. It is poignant to view this fantasy through the prism of the consciousness of someone for whom immortality might seem particularly elusive.

      Woolf wrote of the limitations of memoir – ‘they leave out the person to whom things happened’ – and so with Orlando she fuses memoir and biography, that discipline so revered in her father’s study and which she so eagerly wished to revolutionise in a night. We could say that Orlando is Woolf’s avatar dressed up in Sackville-West’s clothing.

      In their letters to each other, we can trace the inspiration for Orlando’s fellow poet Nick Greene’s hilarious hypochondria, his obsession with money and with the back-biting criticism of his contemporaries, as Sackville-West teases Woolf with the charge of similar tendencies. By the same token, we can read Woolf parodying Lady Sybil Colefax’s attempts to ‘lion-hunt’ from the perspective of the artist harassed by the great hostess (‘she would exclaim, “Oh how I long to be a writer!” and I would reply “Oh Sybil! If only I could be a great hostess like you!”’).

      ‘It is necessary to write, if the days are not to slip emptily by. How else, indeed, to clap the net over the butterfly of the moment? For the moment passes, it is forgotten; the mood is gone; life itself is gone. That is where the writer scores over his fellows: he catches the changes of his mind on the hop.’

      So wrote Vita Sackville-West, celebrated writer, celebrated hostess.

      I love this quote. It reminds me of Woolf catching moths as a child with her father. There is something so practical, so physical a gesture informing the attitude of both these writers: so typically muscular, so bodily and lived. The catching of wayward things with nets and then pinning them down.

      Woolf often talked about the passing of time, but denying the power of time to pass seems so integral an aspect of her work as a writer. All her pasts are rekindled, all her memories refreshed by the magical vivacity of her writing. Some butterflies survive the bottle and prove immortal. By the time she came to write Orlando, she had written three novels, all concerned with the project of revisiting – reanimating – intimately lived experience. This reanimation, together with an acceptance of the inevitability of transformation, multiplicity, inclusion and evolution, marks Woolf as a profoundly spiritual writer, as well as the formally modern one she is esteemed to be. This book, this slender plaything of an excursion, is, perhaps, the most transgressive experiment she ever made: the merging of a double-exposure portrait, in the vernacular of her paternal inheritance, as a kind of talisman of hopefulness and carefree abandon toward something better than a brightening future – rather a glorious, trustworthy present.

      I must declare now, at this border, that my own relationship with Orlando is complex and entwined, a kinship’s entanglement.

      I was at school near Sevenoaks, within a short walk of Knole, and one of my school chums was a Sackville-West.

      Like Orlando – like Vita – I had grown up in an old house and looked like the people in the paintings on the stairs, mainly ruffed, moustachioed, velvet-covered men. We all posed formally in front of bits of furniture, strung together on a high family tree like so many forgotten party balloons caught in the branches. Like Orlando, I wrote poetry. In my adolescent fantasy I read this book and believed it was a hallucinogenic, interactive biography of my own life and future.

      For me, this trifle of phantasmagoria has always been a practical manual. A tourist guide to human experience, the best of wise companions. At least, it was my first: a message in a bottle from an imaginary friend.

      I reread it now, thirty-five years later, and I am struck by its capacity to change like a magic mirror. Where I had originally seen it as a book about writing, about becoming a writer, I now see it as a book about reading, about taking one’s place in the chain. Where I once assumed it was a book about eternal youth, I now see it as a book about growing up, about learning to live.

      For five years I was privileged to work alongside Sally Potter’s development of her feature-film adaptation of this book. I played the part of Orlando.

      Twenty years later, Orlando is still the name by which I am best known in Russia, to which I readily answer on streets throughout the world. In my attic is a box containing two of the costumes Orlando wore in the film. One day, I know my son will find them and try them on. One day – soon, I expect – my poetry-writing daughter, his twin, will pick up this book and try it on for size.

      *

      There was a period, stretched out as it was over many years – Time’s bloomers, after all, having strong elastic – when Orlando felt far from trifling, like maybe the most solid thing any writer could offer a teenage reader. It gave reliable faith in everything being true all at once: boy and girl, bloodline and blood pulse, England and everywhere else, solitude and society, literature and living, the quick and the slow, the quick and the dead, now and then, a trick of the light.

      I see now that at any point in a life of any length, when our relentless distractions lapse for a moment and there is that sudden flash of inspired clarity in which we see that all that life is about is nature, breathing in and out and keeping your head high until you drop, Orlando is the book to put under your pillow and rest upon.

       Orlando as a Boy

       To

       V. Sackville-West

      PREFACE

      Many friends have helped me in writing this book. Some are dead and so illustrious that I scarcely dare name them, yet no one can read or write without being perpetually in the debt of Defoe, Sir Thomas Browne, Sterne, Sir Walter Scott, Lord Macaulay, Emily Brontë, De Quincey, and Walter Pater, – to name the first that come to mind. Others are alive, and though perhaps as illustrious in their own way, are less formidable for that very reason. I am specially indebted to Mr. C. P. Sanger, without whose knowledge of the law of real property this book could never have been written. Mr. Sydney-Turner’s wide and peculiar erudition has saved me, I hope, some lamentable blunders. I have had the advantage – how great I alone can estimate – of Mr. Arthur Waley’s knowledge of Chinese. Madame Lopokova (Mrs J. M. Keynes) has been at hand to correct my Russian. To the unrivalled sympathy and imagination of Mr. Roger Fry I owe whatever understanding of the art of painting I may possess. I have, I hope, profited in another department by the singularly penetrating, if severe, criticism of my nephew Mr. Julian Bell. Miss M. K. Snowdon’s indefatigable researches in the archives of Harrogate and Cheltenham were none the less arduous for being vain. Other friends have helped me in ways too various to specify. I must content myself with naming Mr. Angus Davidson; Mrs Cartwright; Miss Janet Case; Lord Berners (whose knowledge of Elizabethan music has proved invaluable); Mr. Francis Birrell; my brother, Dr Adrian Stephen; Mr. F. L. Lucas; Mr. and Mrs Desmond MacCarthy; that most inspiriting of critics, my brother-in-law, Mr. Clive Bell; Mr. G. H. Rylands; Lady Colefax; Miss Nellie Boxall; Mr. J. M. Keynes; Mr. Hugh Walpole; Miss Violet Dickinson; the Hon. Edward Sackville West; Mr. and Mrs St John Hutchinson; Mr. Duncan Grant; Mr. and Mrs Stephen Tomlin; Mr. and Lady Ottoline Morrell; my mother-in-law, Mrs Sidney Woolf; Mr.

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