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       CHILDREN’S LITERATURE IN HITLER’S GERMANY

       CHILDREN’S LITERATURE IN HITLER’S GERMANY

       The Cultural Policy of National Socialism

       CHRISTA KAMENETSKY

      Ohio University Press

      Athens, Ohio

      London

      © Copyright 1984 by Christa Kamenetsky

      Printed in the United States of America

      All rights reserved

      Second printing and first paperback edition, 1986

       Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

      Kamenetsky, Christa. 1934-

      Children’s literature in Hitler’s Germany.

      Bibliography: p.

      Includes index.

      1. Children’s literature. German—History and criticism. 2. National socialism and literature. 3. National socialism in literature. I. Title.

      PT1021.K35 1984 830'.9'9287 83-8220

      ISBN 0-8214-0699-X

      ISBN 0-8214-0843-7 (pbk).

      To Ihor and Andrey for their love and patience.

       Contents

       Acknowledgments

       List of Illustrations

       Preface

       PART I: LITERARY THEORY AND CULTURAL POLICY

       1. The Roots of Children’s Folk Literature in Pre-Nazi Germany

       2. From Book Burning toward Gleichschaltung

       3. The Nazis’ Theory of Volkish Literature

       PART II: THE INTERPRETATION OF CHILDREN’S LITERATURE

       4. Folktale, Germandom, and Race

       5. Norse Mythology and the Nazi Mythos

       6. Saga Ethics and Character Training

       7. Fiction: From Myth to Mythmaking

       8. The Role of the Classics

       9. Picture Books between Continuity and Change

       PART III: THE USES AND ADAPTATIONS OF CHILDREN’S LITERATURE

       10. Primers: The ABC’s of Folk Education

       11. Readers: Textbooks in Ideology

       12. Puppets, Plays, and Politics

       13. Volkish Rituals for Children and Youth

       PART IV: METHODS AND LIMITATIONS OF CONTROL

       14. The System of Censorship

       15. Folklore and Curricular Reforms

       16. New Directions for School Libraries

       17. Children’s Reading Interests

       18. Publishing Trends

       Conclusion

       Bibliography

       Index

       Acknowledgments

      I wish to thank the following publishers whose illustrations I used with their formal or implied consent:

      ARS edition (formerly: Verlag ARS sacra Josef Müller); Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt; Verlag Moritz Diesterweg (and Otto Salle), G.m.b.H.; Alfred Hahn’s Verlag, Walter Dietrich K.G.: Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt (formerly Aktiengesellschaft Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt); Harper and Row, Publishers (on behalf of Lippincott); Verlag Ferdinand Hirt; Informationen Jugendliteratur und Medien; Gerhard Stalling Verlag; Thienemanns Verlag; Cornelsen-Velhagen & Klasing G.m.b.H.; Voggenreiter Verlag. In addition, I thank the staff of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace (Stanford) for having made accessible to me illustrated materials that were originally published by the National Socialist Party, the Reich Youth Leadership Organization, the National Socialist Teachers Association, and other official agencies of the Third Reich.

      I also wish to express my appreciation to the German Information Office (New York), the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels (Frankfurt), the Deutsche Bibliothek (Frankfurt), and the Library of Congress for having aided me in locating some of the sources and publishers.

       Illustrations

      Plate Number Source

       1. Alrecht, Erich, Deutschland im Umbruch. New York, Lippincott, 1936.

       2. Findeisen, Kurt Arnold, ed., Braune Kameraden. Buch der Jugend. Dresden, O. & K. Becker, 1934.

       3. Deutsches Lesebuch für Mädchen. Frankfurt, Diesterweg, 1937.

       4. See Plate 2.

       5. Reichsjugendführung, ed., Das deutsche Jahr. Feste der jungen Nation. Munich, Zentralverlag der N.S.D.A.P., 1939.

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