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      Copyright © 2018 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania Press

      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112

       www.upenn.edu/pennpress

      Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: McEnaney, Laura, author.

      Title: Postwar : waging peace in Chicago / Laura McEnaney.

      Other titles: Politics and culture in modern America.

      Description: 1st edition. | Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, [2018] | Series: Politics and culture in modern America | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2018004673 | ISBN 978-0-8122-5055-8 (hardcover : alk. paper)

      Subjects: LCSH: Reconstruction (1939–1951)—Social aspects—Illinois—Chicago. | Postwar reconstruction—Social aspects—Illinois—Chicago. | Chicago (Ill.)—Social conditions—20th century. | Chicago (Ill.)—Economic conditions—20th century. | Chicago (Ill.)—Ethnic relations—History—20th century.

      Classification: LCC F548.5 .M37 2018 | DDC 977.3/11043—dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018004673

      CONTENTS

       List of Abbreviations

       Introduction: The End

       Chapter 1. Bathrooms, Bedrooms, and Basements: War Liberalism in the Postwar Apartment

       Chapter 2. Japanese Americans on Parole: The Perils and Promises of a Postwar State

       Chapter 3. Living the GI Bill: Postwar Prosperity Through Government Dependency

       Chapter 4. “I Would Not Call This the More Abundant Life”: Working-Class Women Get Their Peace

       Chapter 5. After the Double V: African Americans Demobilize for a “Real Peace”

       Conclusion: Writing the History of What Happened After

       Notes

       Archival Collections Consulted

       Index

       Acknowledgments

      ABBREVIATIONS

ASHA	American Social Hygiene Association
CHA	Chicago Housing Authority
CRC	Chicago Resettlers Committee
CUL	Chicago Urban League
DOW	Department of Welfare (Chicago)
FEPC	Fair Employment Practice Committee
HWLC	Harold Washington Library Center
JACL	Japanese American Citizens League
JASC	Japanese American Service Committee
JERS	Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study
MRC	Municipal Reference Collection
NAACP	National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
NAM	National Association of Manufacturers
NAREB	National Association of Real Estate Boards
OHE	Office of the Housing Expediter
OPA	Office of Price Administration
OWMR	Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion
RRA	Race Relations Adviser
TAS	Travelers Aid Society of Chicago
UIC	University of Illinois at Chicago
USO	United Service Organizations
USES	U.S. Employment Service
VA	Veterans Administration
VEHP	Veterans Emergency Housing Program
VES	Veterans Employment Service
VFW	Veterans of Foreign Wars
VIC	Veterans Information Center
VRA	Veterans Relations Adviser
WCMC	Welfare Council of Metropolitan Chicago
WMC	War Manpower Commission
WRA	War Relocation Authority
YMCA	Young Men’s Christian Association
YWCA	Young Women’s Christian Association

      Figure 1. Map of Chicago showing locations of apartment disputes and local welfare resource centers.

      Postwar

      INTRODUCTION

      The End

      This book begins with an ending. In August 1945, American pilots flew over Hiroshima and Nagasaki to drop their atomic cargo on Japanese civilians. The war in Europe had ended months before, and this was the frightening and fiery finale to the Pacific war. Within hours, news of this terror from the sky reached those on the ground in the United States, and among the myriad reactions to the bomb was impatience for a quick exit from the war. Peace was now finally perceptible, almost fully real, so it was hard for Americans to digest the official line that dismantling the war in

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