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      Postwar

      Politics and Culture in Modern America

      Series Editors: Margot Canaday, Glenda Gilmore, Michael Kazin, Stephen Pitti, Thomas J. Sugrue

      Volumes in the series narrate and analyze political and social change in the broadest dimensions from 1865 to the present, including ideas about the ways people have sought and wielded power in the public sphere and the language and institutions of politics at all levels—local, national, and transnational. The series is motivated by a desire to reverse the fragmentation of modern U.S. history and to encourage synthetic perspectives on social movements and the state, on gender, race, and labor, and on intellectual history and popular culture.

      POSTWAR

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      Waging Peace in Chicago

      Laura McEnaney

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      UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS

      PHILADELPHIA

      Copyright © 2018 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania Press

      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112

       www.upenn.edu/pennpress

      Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: McEnaney, Laura, author.

      Title: Postwar : waging peace in Chicago / Laura McEnaney.

      Other titles: Politics and culture in modern America.

      Description: 1st edition. | Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, [2018] | Series: Politics and culture in modern America | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2018004673 | ISBN 978-0-8122-5055-8 (hardcover : alk. paper)

      Subjects: LCSH: Reconstruction (1939–1951)—Social aspects—Illinois—Chicago. | Postwar reconstruction—Social aspects—Illinois—Chicago. | Chicago (Ill.)—Social conditions—20th century. | Chicago (Ill.)—Economic conditions—20th century. | Chicago (Ill.)—Ethnic relations—History—20th century.

      Classification: LCC F548.5 .M37 2018 | DDC 977.3/11043—dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018004673

      CONTENTS

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       List of Abbreviations

       Introduction: The End

       Chapter 1. Bathrooms, Bedrooms, and Basements: War Liberalism in the Postwar Apartment

       Chapter 2. Japanese Americans on Parole: The Perils and Promises of a Postwar State

       Chapter 3. Living the GI Bill: Postwar Prosperity Through Government Dependency

       Chapter 4. “I Would Not Call This the More Abundant Life”: Working-Class Women Get Their Peace

       Chapter 5. After the Double V: African Americans Demobilize for a “Real Peace”

       Conclusion: Writing the History of What Happened After

       Notes

       Archival Collections Consulted

       Index

       Acknowledgments

      ABBREVIATIONS

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ASHAAmerican Social Hygiene Association
CHAChicago Housing Authority
CRCChicago Resettlers Committee
CULChicago Urban League
DOWDepartment of Welfare (Chicago)
FEPCFair Employment Practice Committee
HWLCHarold Washington Library Center
JACLJapanese American Citizens League
JASCJapanese American Service Committee
JERSJapanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study
MRCMunicipal Reference Collection
NAACPNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People
NAMNational Association of Manufacturers
NAREBNational Association of Real Estate Boards
OHEOffice of the Housing Expediter
OPAOffice of Price Administration
OWMROffice of War Mobilization and Reconversion
RRARace Relations Adviser
TASTravelers Aid Society of Chicago
UICUniversity of Illinois at Chicago
USOUnited Service Organizations
USESU.S. Employment Service
VAVeterans Administration
VEHPVeterans Emergency Housing Program
VESVeterans Employment Service
VFWVeterans of Foreign Wars
VICVeterans Information Center
VRAVeterans Relations Adviser
WCMCWelfare Council of Metropolitan Chicago
WMCWar Manpower Commission
WRAWar Relocation Authority
YMCAYoung Men’s Christian Association
YWCAYoung Women’s Christian Association
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      Figure 1. Map of Chicago showing locations of apartment disputes and local welfare resource centers.

      Postwar

      INTRODUCTION

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      The End

      This book begins with an ending. In August 1945, American pilots flew over Hiroshima and Nagasaki to drop their atomic cargo on Japanese civilians. The war in Europe had ended months before, and this was the frightening and fiery finale to the Pacific war. Within hours, news of this terror from the sky reached those on the ground in the United States, and among the myriad reactions to the bomb was impatience for a quick exit from the war. Peace was now finally perceptible, almost fully real, so it was hard for Americans to digest the official line that dismantling the war in

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