LITMIR.BIZ

      Edward Peters

      PENN

      University of Pennsylvania Press

      Philadelphia

      First edition copyright © 1985 Edward Peters

      First published 1985 by Basil Blackwell Ltd.

      Expanded edition copyright © 1996, 1999 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved

      Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania Press

      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4011

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Peters, Edward. 1936–

      Torture / Edward Peters.—Expanded ed.

      p. cm.

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 0-8122-1599-0 (alk. paper)

      1. Torture—History. 2. Torture (International law) 3. Torture—Europe—

      History. I. Title.

      K5410.T6P48 1996

      Contents

       Preface to the Expanded Edition

       Acknowledgements

       Introduction: Torture – Past and Present – and the Historian

       1 A Delicate and Dangerous Business

       The emergence of torture in Greek law

       Torture in Roman law

       The character of Roman torture

       Roman law and Germanic societies

       2 The Queen of Proofs and the Queen of Torments

       The legal revolution of the twelfth century

       The return of torture

       The jurisprudence of torture

       The inquisition

       Torture in the ancien régime

       3 The Sleep of Reason

       Abolition, law and moral sensibility

       Abolition: the historians at work

       Statutory abolition

       Some comparisons

       The freeing of the law

       4 ‘Engines of the State, not of Law’

       At the margins of the law

       The police and the state

       Warfare, prisoners and military intelligence

       Political crime

       Law and the state in revolutionary societies

       The discovery of Algeria

       5 ‘To become, or to remain, human …’

       A new Enlightenment?

       The language of Eden

       After Algeria

       Room 101 – and other rooms

       Without end?

       A Bibliographical Essay

       Bibliographical Addendum: Torture—History and Practice, 1985–1995

       Postscript, 1999

       Appendix: Judicial Torture—Documents and Commentary

       I. The Theodosian Code, Book 9, Title 35

       II. The Digest of Justinian, Book 48, Title 18

       III. The Code of Justinian, Book 9, Title 41

       IV. Augustine: The City of God, XIX.6

       V. The Visigothic Code: On Torture

       VI. Torture by Inquisitors: Innocent IV and Alexander IV

       VII. The Constitutio Criminalis Carolina

       VIII. The Jurisprudence of Torture: Sebastian Guazzini

       IX. John Locke: Letter on Toleration

       X. The Moral Protest: Cesare Beccaria

       XI. A Twentieth-Century Interrogator’s Manual on Torture

       XII. United Nations Convention

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