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      Published by the Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc. an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

      © 1990 by Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Co., Inc.

       All rights reserved

       LCC Card. No. 89-051950

       ISBN 0-8048-2131-3

       ISBN 978-1-4629-0373-3 (ebook)

      First edition, 1990

       This edition, 1999

      Printed in Singapore

      Distributed by:

      North America

      Tuttle Publishing

      Distribution Center

      Airport Industrial Park

      364 Innovation Drive

      North Clarendon, VT 05759-9436

      Tel: (802) 773-8930

      Tel: (800) 526-2778

      Japan

      Tuttle Publishing Japan

      Yaekari Building 3rd Floor, 5-4-12

       Osaki Shinagawa-ku,

       Tokyo 141-0032

       Tel 81 (03) 5437 017

       Fax 81 (03) 5437 0755

      Southeast Asia

      Berkeley Books Pte Ltd.

      61 Tai Seng Avenue, #02-12

       Singapore 534167

       Tel: (65) 6280 1330

       Fax: (65) 6280 6290

       Email: [email protected]

       Web site: www.periplus.com

      CONTENTS

       Acknowledgments

       INTRODUCING CHICHIBU

       Treasure House of Japanese Tradition

       Getting to and around Chichibu

       PART ONE: PILGRIMAGE

       The Thirty-four Kannon Temples

       Temples 1 through 9

       Temples 10 through 18

       Temples 19 through 25

       Temples 26 through 30

       Temples 31 and 32

       Temples 33 and 34

       PART TWO: FESTIVALS

       The Festival Cycle

       January: Lesser New Year’s

       February: The Arrival of Spring

       March: Rice-Planting Festival

       April: Spring Festival

       May: Flower Festival

       June: Ritual Purification for Summer

       July: Children’s Festival

       August: A Mass for the Repose of Souls

       September: A Cruise through Nagatoro Gorge

       October: Lion Dances

       November: Sending off the Mountain Spirit

       December: Night Festival

       Appendixes

       1. Accommodations in Chichibu

       2. schedule of Festivals

       3. Folk Kabuki

       4. The Chichibu Rebellion

       Bibliography

       Finding List

      ILLUSTRATIONS

      MAPS

       From Tokyo to Chichibu

       Pilgrimage Routes and Festival Sites

       Chichibu and Environs

      PHOTOGRAPHS

       Pilgrimage

       Festivals

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the many people of Chichibu who offered their invaluable expertise and cooperation during my research and field work. Hidden in the mountains and preserved in many imangible forms, the cultural heritage of Chichibu is not easy for the outsider to discover; without the assistance of these kind and knowledgeable people, this book would not have been possible. I have the greatest admiration for their diligent efforts to preserve local folkways and traditions.

      My deepest gratitude is owed to Yoshikazu Minami and Mitsuo Kosuge, both outstanding artists of Chichibu, for their generosity in making available the fine photographs and charming woodblock prints included in this book, finishing touches that only natives and lovers of Chichibu could add. Thanks also go to Masami Yamamoto, director of cultural research and preservation of the Ogano-machi Board of Education, for his much appreciated suggestions and guidance, especially concerning folk Kabuki and festivals.

      Among friends who have been helpful, I am especially indebted to Amy Katoh and Judith H. Forrest for their consistent and warm support; to Jennie Hutchings and Peggy Stauffer for their help in preparing the manuscript; to Nasreen Askari for her editing assistance; and to Joanne Madden, Gloria Russel, Lois Meredith, Teresa Lam, Margaret LaRue, Judy Doherty, Mary Sharp, Sue O’Flynn, and Carol Thurston, all of whom gave of their time and energy, in rain or shine, to test the walking directions.

      Special thanks also go to the city of Chichibu and its mayor, Zenichi Uchida, for underwriting part of the publication costs of this book; to Mamoru Arai and Susumu Konishi of Kokusai Bunken Insatsu Company for their assistance in producing the maps; and to the staff of the Charles E. Tuttle Company for their expert editing, design, and production work.

      And, finally, I would like to express my indebtedness to the unheralded authors of the several Japanese books on Chichibu that I made use of in my research.

      —Sumiko Enbutsu

      INTRODUCING CHICHIBU

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      Note: Macrons are used in the text to indicate the long vowel in Japanese words, except in those words familiar to Westerners

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