LITMIR.BIZ

      First published in 2018 by

      Merrion Press

      An imprint of Irish Academic Press

      10 George’s Street

      Newbridge

      Co. Kildare

      Ireland

       www.merrionpress.ie

      © Paul Jude Redmond, 2018

      9781785371776 (Paper)

      9781785371783 (Kindle)

      9781785371790 (Epub)

      9781785371806 (PDF)

      British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

      An entry can be found on request

      Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

      An entry can be found on request

      All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved alone, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.

      Interior design by www.jminfotechindia.com

      Typeset in Minion Pro 11.5/14.5 pt

      Cover design by www.phoenix-graphicdesign.com

      Cover/jacket front: A shrine in Tuam, Co. Galway, on 9 June 2014, erected in memory of up to 800 children who were allegedly buried at the site of the former home for unmarried mothers run by nuns. © Paul Faith/Getty Images.

      Cover/jacket back: A homemade nail in the wall at Castlepollard Mother and Baby Home Angels’ Plot. The workmen hammered these nails into the wall every time they buried a baby, as a memorial. ©Kim Haughton/The Sunday Times.

      Contents

       Acknowledgements

       Foreword by Clare Daly TD

       Prologue

       PART 1 BACKGROUND AND FOUNDATIONS, 1739–1944

       1. The Age of the Institutions

       2. Building High Walls: The First Mother and Baby Home and Other Institutions

       3. Going Our Own Way: The Mother and Baby Homes Expansion

       4. Holy Catholic Ireland: A New Model

       5. Behind the High Walls: Daily Life in the Homes

       PART 2 IN LIVING MEMORY, 1944–1990

       6. Changing Times: Disappearing at the Crossroads

       7. Welcome to the Machine

       8. The Beginning of the End

       PART 3 CAMPAIGNING, 1990–2013

       9. The Adoption Community

       10. Running to Stand Still

       11. Facebook and the Young Guns

       12. Campaigning: New Tactics, New Strategies, New Ideas

       PART 4 BREAKTHROUGH, 2014–2017

       13. From Tuam to Castlepollard via the Rest of the World

       14. The Inquiry into Mother and Baby Homes

       15. Opening the Adoption Records

       16. Fighting for Full Inclusion

       17. Reflections

       18. Talking with Shadows

       Appendix: Tracing Guide for Natural Mothers and Adoptees

       Endnotes

       Bibliography

       Index

Acknowledgements

      This book would not have been possible without so many people. Some do not wish to be named but they know they are in my thoughts and my heart.

      Family: Susan, John, Martin and Alan Redmond. Barbara, Roger, Sharon, Judith. Ciara and Jamie; Jake, Jodie and Caleb; Mark, Amie and Laureen. And I nearly forgot Gemma and Shannon and Shane. All the Redmonds, Darcys, Finns, Sinnotts, Whittys, Curtises and Fortunes scattered around the world. For Dolly Costello, and all the family and remembering Willie Costello (RIP). Hi to all the Merciers and thanks to Paul and Mel for all the encourgagement and advice!

      Friends: Peter ‘Circut 3’ Fitzpatrick and all the Fitzpatricks, Pat ‘Pappie’ Donovan, Neil Michael, Mary O’Donovan, Antonella Brusco, Ruairí O’Dwyer, and a special Hey! Hey! to Liam, Tatjana and Felix Bodenhamski!

      The entire Castlepollard group – thanks to all of you for your love and support over the years brothers and sisters particularly: especially Geraldine Cronin, Ruth Noonan, Paul, Jenny from Wexford, Michelle from Wexford!, Chris Finnegan, Mary Creighton, Mary Borg, Kim Fleming and Mary W., Bernie McG, Mary ‘Bookie’ Kenny, Mike Byrne, Una O’Neill-D’Arcy, Ken and Marion Matthews, the heroic Ray Loftus and his brilliant crib mate Mal K. Gerry Russel, Rosie Rogers, playwright Jacqueline Nolan, Joseph Ennis, Michelle and Liam and Philip Burke, the very special Rita Kelty and the wonderful Christy, my special twinnie Ann Harrington and all the ’64 babes. Geraldine McArdle, Mary O’Donovan, Ciaran Adams, Susan Flanagan, Marita Maher Ryan, Carmel Ziemann, Declan Kelly, Jackie Keegan, Stephen Quinn, Theresa Carroll, David

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